From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
Application Binary Interface
ABI
<programming> (ABI) The interface by which an {application
program} gains access to {operating system} and other
services. It should be possible to run the same compiled
{binary} applications on any system with the right ABI.
Examples are {88open}'s {Binary Compatibility Standard}, the
{PowerOpen Environment} and {Windows sockets}.
-- (1994-11-08) [foldoc]
Example:
NetBSD has ABI (structures) that allow Linux (elf) binary
applications to run on NetBSD systems.
This is not emulation, the application operates as though
it is on a Linux system right down to requiring a separate file structure.
Also: login name accounts
Noun
A persons place of operations that interface with a system, network or service.
Usually the Operator must be Authenticated to access their account.
In the context of the Fediverse or federated systems
a user has account(s) hosted on particular node(s).
see also: User , Handle , screenname
From V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms (September 2014) [vera]:
ACRONYM
Abbreviated Coded Rendition Of Name Yielding Meaning (slang)
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
acronym
<jargon> An identifier formed from some of the letters (often
the initials) of a phrase and used as an abbreviation.
A {TLA} is a {meta}-acronym, i.e. an acronym about acronyms.
...
-- (2014-08-14)
compare : Anagram
see: TLA , CIT , jargon , lockin
Other listings: IMHO , AFAIK , VM , LOL , IRC , URL ,
TLDR , AI , ML , XMPP , LXC
also: AP
From the ActivityPub info site:
ActivityPub is a decentralised social networking protocol
based on the ActivityStreams 2.0 data format.
ActivityPub is an official W3C recommended standard
published by the W3C Social Web Working Group.
It provides a client to server API for creating,
updating and deleting content,
as well as a federated server to server API
for delivering notifications and subscribing to content.
—[ActivityPub-2018]
ActivityPub provides two layers:
- A server to server federation protocol
(so decentralized websites can share information)
A client to server protocol
(so users, including real-world users, bots, and other automated processes,
can communicate with ActivityPub using their accounts on servers,
from a phone or desktop or web application or whatever)
In ActivityPub, a user is represented by "actors"
via the user's accounts on servers.
User's accounts on different servers correspond to different actors.
—[W3C-ActivityPub_Oct-2018]
A data format standard
for exchanging information between distributed nodes.
ActivityPub is built with this specification
as the recommended (data) exchange format.
Activity Streams 2.0
Was formally released as a
W3C Recommendation on 23 May 2017
The specification details a model for
representing potential and completed activities
using the JSON format.
It is intended to be used with vocabularies that
detail the structure of activities,
and define specific types of activities.
-- https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-core/
Example :
{"@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
"type": "Person",
"id": "https://social.example/alyssa/",
"name": "Alyssa P. Hacker",
"preferredUsername": "alyssa",
"summary": "Lisp enthusiast hailing from MIT",
"inbox": "https://social.example/alyssa/inbox/",
"outbox": "https://social.example/alyssa/outbox/",
"followers": "https://social.example/alyssa/followers/",
"following": "https://social.example/alyssa/following/",
"liked": "https://social.example/alyssa/liked/" }
-- [ActivityStreams_Oct-2018]
A word made by rearranging another word.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
- Anagram An"a*gram([a^]n"[.a]*gr[a^]m), n. [F. anagramme, LL.
anagramma, fr. Gr. 'ana` back, again + gra`fein to write. See
{Graphic}.]
Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its
usual wider sense, the change of one word or phrase into
another by the transposition of its letters. Thus Galenus
becomes angelus; William Noy (attorney-general to Charles I.,
and a laborious man) may be turned into I moyl in law.
[1913 Webster]
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Anagram An"a*gram, v. t.
To anagrammatize.
[1913 Webster]
Some of these anagramed his name, Benlowes, into
Benevolus. --Warburton.
[1913 Webster] Anagrammatic
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
anagram
- n 1: a word or phrase spelled by rearranging the letters of
another word or phrase
- v 1: read letters out of order to discover a hidden meaning
[syn: {anagram}, {anagrammatize}, {anagrammatise}]
A message from Anna
see: Acronym , Jargon
plural: Applications also: Apps, App
A Computer Program normally targeted at end users rather than Systems Operations..
Often built for specific environments such as Web Browser Extensions.
Tablets , Smart Phones etc.
Most often these programs are also designed to work exclusively with particular
networks and end sources, creating "Silos of Convenience".
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
- app
/ap/, n.
Short for ?application program?, as opposed to a systems program.
Apps are what systems vendors are forever chasing developers to create for their
environments so they can sell more boxes. Hackers tend not to think of the
things they themselves run as apps; thus, in hacker parlance the term
excludes compilers, program editors, games, and messaging systems, though a
user would consider all those to be apps.
(Broadly, an app is often a self-contained environment for performing
some well-defined task such as ?word processing?;
hackers tend to prefer more general-purpose tools.)
See {killer app}; oppose {tool}, {operating system}.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
application program
app
application software
applications software
<programming, operating system> (Or "application", "app") A
complete, self-contained program that performs a specific
function directly for the user.
This is in contrast to {system software}
such as the {operating system} {kernel},
{server} processes, {libraries} which exists to support
application programs and {utility programs}.
Editors for various kinds of documents, {spreadsheets}, and
text formatters are common examples of applications. Network
applications include clients such as those for {FTP},
{electronic mail}, {telnet} and {WWW}.
The term is used fairly loosely, for instance, some might say
that a client and server together form a distributed
application, others might argue that editors and compilers
were not applications but {utility programs} for building
applications.
One distinction between an application program and the
operating system is that applications always run in {user
mode} (or "non-privileged mode"), while operating systems and
related utilities may run in {supervisor mode} (or "privileged
mode").
The term may also be used to distinguish programs which
communicate via a {graphical user interface} from those which
are executed from the {command line}.
(2007-02-02)
Describes the state of a web site for other web resources to subscribe to.
TODO TODO TODO
also: Authentication Authenticated Authentic
verb
To establish the truth of an Identity
To Check Some Credentials.
To validate the accuracy and provenance of an identity or content.
To ascertain that the "objects" are true as claimed and of good faith.
( Bono Fide )
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Authenticate Au*then"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
{Authenticated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Authenticating} (?).] [Cf.LL. authenticare.]
To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof,
attestation, or formalities required by law, or sufficient
to entitle to credit.
[1913 Webster]
The king serves only as a notary to authenticate the
choice of judges.
--Burke. [1913 Webster]
To prove authentic; to determine as real and true;
as, to authenticate a portrait.
--Walpole. [1913 Webster]
-- The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
authentic
adjective
1: conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief; "an
authentic account by an eyewitness"; "reliable
information"
[syn: {authentic}, {reliable}]
2: not counterfeit or copied;
"an authentic signature"; "a bona fide manuscript";
"an unquestionable antique";
"photographs taken in a veritable bull ring"
[syn: {authentic}, {bona fide}, {unquestionable}, {veritable}]
-- From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006)
see: OpenWebAuth OAuth Diaspora Protocol
Zot Ostatus ActivityPub Password IndieAuth
also: Authorization
Processes and people generally need various levels of authorisation to operate.
You give Authorisation for others to see your Avatar or Bio details
when you configure your Social Networking Interfaces.
You may also give qualified authority to services run on your behalf ( your agent)
You may require various stages of Authentication to allow access to your messages.
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
authorisation
1: a document giving an official instruction or command [syn:
{mandate}, {authorization}, {authorisation}]
2: the power or right to give orders or make decisions; "he has
the authority to issue warrants"; "deputies are given
authorization to make arrests"; "a place of potency in the
state" [syn: {authority}, {authorization}, {authorisation},
{potency}, {dominance}, {say-so}]
3: official permission or approval; "authority for the program
was renewed several times" [syn: {authority},
{authorization}, {authorisation}, {sanction}]
4: the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant
[syn: {authorization}, {authorisation}, {empowerment}]
authorise
1: give or delegate power or authority to; "She authorized her
assistant to sign the papers" [syn: {empower}, {authorise},
{authorize}]
2: grant authorization or clearance for; "Clear the manuscript
for publication"; "The rock star never authorized this
slanderous biography" [syn: {authorize}, {authorise}, {pass},
{clear}]
-- From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006)
see: Authentication OpenWebAuth nomadic
A visual icon or handle that helps to quickly identify a particular user.
" An "avatar" is an image that represents you online
a little picture that appears next to your name
when you interact with websites. "
-- [Gravatar_Oct-2018] https://en.gravatar.com/support/what-is-gravatar/
Usually a small image file to lighten
storage requirements and bandwidth / transfer costs.
+ May also be "simple" ascii art
Sometimes auto-generated as a service.
Too often the default is used :(
see: Account , Gravatar
Noun Acronym
Artificial Intelligence
see: ML
Application Program Interface
Essentially a set of defined rules in source code
that allow coders to Interface with or utilise a set of code.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
Application Program Interface
API
Application Programming Interface
Applications Programming Interface
<programming> (API, or "application programming interface")
The interface (calling conventions) by which an {application
program} accesses {operating system} and other services. An
API is defined at {source code} level and provides a level of
{abstraction} between the application and the {kernel} (or
other privileged utilities) to ensure the {portability} of the
code.
An API can also provide an interface between a {high level
language} and lower level utilities and services which were
written without consideration for the {calling conventions}
supported by compiled languages. In this case, the API's main
task may be the translation of parameter lists from one format
to another and the interpretation of {call-by-value} and
{call-by-reference} arguments in one or both directions.
(1995-02-15)
See also: UI , TLA , Jargon
Ask Me Anything
Australian Medical Association
see also: Acronym
A Backend is a Service, application or more often
an entire named suite of software,
that is hosted on the server side of connections.
It may be an Social Media Service you connect to or
deeper level services that the Instance itself works with.
The Client software connects to the Backend, and usually,
an end user has little awareness of its operations.
This is the software that a Frontend works with.
see also: Jargon Service
Biography
A short version of a biography intended for wide public consumption.
May use community specific short-forms, jargon or conventions.
syn: silence drop ban ignore dump devnull
Not usually the same as Unsubscribe but the intent is similar.
To avoid seeing another accounts status updates or feed.
see: Filter
also : weblog , diary, blogging
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
blog
n 1: a shared on-line journal where people can post diary
entries about their personal experiences and hobbies;
"postings on a blog are usually in chronological order"
[syn: {web log}, {blog}]
v 1: read, write, or edit a shared on-line journal
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
- blog
noun
[common] Short for weblog, an on-line web-zine or diary (usually with
facilities for reader comments and discussion threads) made accessible
through the World Wide Web. This term is widespread and readily forms
derivatives, of which the best known may be {blogosphere}.
As of late 2018 A reasonable graded discrimination may be made between
Blogs Macroblog and Microblogging.
These categories are not exclusive.
A platform may be primarily designed for a microblogging
and include attached media (even visible in line).
Macroblogging sites are able to "inline" microblog conversations.
The fediverse is quite flexible about all sort of definitions.
see blogs: writefreely , Plume , wordpress , blogger.com
see macroblogs: Friendica , Socialhome Hubzilla , Osada
compare: microblog , Birdsite , Pleroma , Mastodon, GNU Social
A person who publishes a web log.
One who reliably keeps a Blog
Somebody who undertakes a notable amount of blogging.
see: blog , MacroBlogging , MicroBlogging , Platform List
Software that produces posts on social media
with little or no human attention.
It is considered polite to identify 'bots' with a handle or
identifier, that is visible per post.
#nobot seems to be used in roughly the same way as "No Junk Mail"
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
bot
<networking, chat, web> (From "{robot}") Any type
of autonomous {software} that operates as an {agent} for a
user or a {program} or simulates a human activity. On the
{Internet}, the most popular bots are programs (called
{spiders} or crawlers) used for searching. They access {web
sites}, retrieve documents and follow all the {hypertext
links} in them; then they generate catalogs that are accessed
by {search engines}.
A {chatbot} converses with humans (or other bots). A
{shopbot} searches the Web to find the best price for a
product. Other bots (such as {OpenSesame}) observe a user's
patterns in navigating a website and customises the site for
that user.
{Knowbots} collect specific information from {websites}.
(1999-05-20)
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
bot
- An {IRC} or {MUD} user who is actually a program. On IRC,
typically the robot provides some useful service.
Examples are NickServ, which tries to prevent random users
from adopting {nick}s already claimed by others, and
MsgServ, which allows one to send asynchronous messages
to be delivered when the recipient signs on.
...
Note that bots in all senses were ?robots?
when the terms first appeared in the early 1990s,
but the shortened form is now habitual.
see: AI , chat
From:
The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
(with some edits)
Berkeley Software Distribution
Berkeley Unix
BSD
BSD Unix
<operating system> (BSD) A family of {Unix} versions developed
by {Bill Joy} and others at the {University of California at
Berkeley}, originally for the {DEC} {VAX} and {PDP-11}
computers, and subsequently ported to almost all modern
general-purpose computers. BSD Unix incorporates {paged}
{virtual memory}, {TCP/IP} networking enhancements and many
other features.
BSD UNIX 4.0 was released on 1980-10-19. The BSD versions
(4.1, 4.2, and 4.3) and the commercial versions derived from
them ({SunOS}, {ULTRIX}, {Mt. Xinu}, {Dynix}) held the
technical lead in the Unix world until {AT&T}'s successful
standardisation efforts after about 1986, and are still widely
popular.
-- (2005-01-20)
There have been a number of operating systems built around
a common set of similar concepts : simplicity flexiblity and security.
Most notably FreeBSD , NetBSD , and OpenBSD .
-- [BSD_History-Nov_2018]
see: OS, GNU , NetBSD , OpenBSD ,
FreeBSD , NIXen Linux ,
also: CamelCase , lowerCaseCamel
To write something in Camel Case :
compresses the form of the statement
eases processing by removing white (empty) spaces
may assist in creating a Unique Identifier
may aid readability in some contexts
There are two main forms which are expressed as follows :
Upper Case Camel
Convert All To Title Case
RemoveAllWhiteSpace
Lower Case Camel
lower Case First Letter
removeAllWhiteSpace
Widely Used :
Within source code to name identifiers (functions constants variables) cleanly.
Where clear space may be problematic or error prone.
In 'personalHandles' , 'NetworkNames' and other identifiers.
As one component of uniqifying URL Strings.
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
(edited)
camelCase
A variable in a programming language is said to be camelCased when all
words but the first are capitalised.
This practice contrasts with the C tradition of either
running syllables together
or marking syllable breaks with underscores;
thus, where a C programmer would write thisverylongname
or this_very_long_name,
the camelCased version would be thisVeryLongName.
...
Compare {BiCapitalization}; ...
camelCasing is not aimed at impressing anybody,
and hackers consider it respectable.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
( Wherein here we blame the container for the content and the car for the driver )
(edits)
CamelCase
<programming> The practice of concatenating words with either all
words capitalised
(e.g. "ICantReadThis" - sometimes called " UpperCamelCase "
or PascalCase)
or all except the first "iCantReadThis" - called " lowerCamelCase ".
It is used in contexts where space characters are not allowed,
such as identifiers in {source code}.
Modern best practice separates words in identifiers with
{underscore} for readability (like_this_example).
CamelCase is probably a historical throw-back to systems that had no underscore
or when the length of identifiers was constrained either by the
programming language or by the width of computer displays.
Unfortunately it has infected many projects, organisations and
programming languages such as {Java} where the uninitiated create
identifiers like "MemberSubmissionAddressingWSDLParserExtension".
-- (2014-12-02)
The act of having a conversation, on line.
Contemporary federated social networking may _almost_ be chat itself.
Many networks include dedicated chat services. IRC or XMPP.
May refer to a number of protocols that enable realtime (duplex) interactive chat.
Notably IRC , XMPP and Matrix [01].
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
chat
<chat, messaging> Any system that allows any number of
logged-in users to have a typed, real-time, on-line
conversation via a {network}.
The medium of {chat} is descended from {talk}, but the terms
(and the media) have been distinct since at least the early
1990s. {talk} is prototypically for a small number of people,
generally with no provision for {channels}. In {chat}
systems, however, there are many {channels} in which any
number of people can talk; and users may send private
(one-to-one) messages.
Some early chat systems (in use 1998) include {IRC}, {ICQ} and
{Palace}. More recent alternatives include {MSN Messenger}
and {Google Talk}.
Chat systems have given rise to a distinctive style combining
the immediacy of talking with all the precision (and
verbosity) that written language entails.
It is difficult to communicate inflection,
though conventions have arisen to help
with this.
The conventions of chat systems include special items of
jargon, generally abbreviations meant to save typing, which
are not used orally.
E.g. {BCNU}, {BBL}, {BTW}, {CUL},
{FWIW}, {FYA}, {FYI}, {IMHO}, {OT}, {OTT}, {TNX}, {WRT},
{WTF}, {WTH}, {<g>}, {<gr&d>}, {BBL}, {HHOK}, {NHOH}, {ROTFL},
{AFK}, {b4}, {TTFN}, {TTYL}, {OIC}, {re}.
Much of the chat style is identical to (and probably derived
from) {Morse code} jargon used by ham-radio amateurs since the
1920s, and there is, not surprisingly, some overlap with {TDD}
jargon. Most of the jargon was in use in {talk} systems.
Many of these expressions are also common in {Usenet} {news}
and {electronic mail} and some have seeped into popular
culture, as with {emoticons}.
[01] No not the movie Matrix
see:
XMPP , IRC Channel Out Of Band , Jargon , Acronym
Platform List
also: Channels
There are many uses of the Concept of Channel in communications.
Here the listing is from a human user
on a Fediverse instance's point of view.
You probably only want the first two sections.
Human to Human Channels
Users Channel
A List of users (with some common interest in a Subject)
who may Message all of each other.
This may not be in real time.
IRC Channel
A #subject channel an IRC user connects to to enter into a group discussion.
This is most often in Real Time. Though messages and alerts may be left.
Both of the above may be loosely considered a Chat Room.
Software Channels For Humans
This is a passive tuning into or subscribing to "broadcast" channel.
Atom / RSS subscriptions to a subject set from a web site or blogs.
Audio Channels on Jamendo or Funkwhale
Podcast series etc.
Socket like Channels
For most users this level of Channel is rarely or never seen.
It is software talking to software.
Hopefully once set up it all happens auto-magically
and you never have to investigate it.
The idea is that a dedicated connection channel
is established between two networked entities.
Data packets are sent (streamed) directly between these actors.
Rather than the usual
"Let us know how that worked out, when you have a tick"
packet by packet approach of the TCP/IP (Internet).
Your web browser or Social media "App" takes care of this for you.
Enabling technologies include (ephemeral) WebSockets,
but also traditional ports, (extended addresses)
per host BSD style sockets, and of course all still powered by TCP/IP connections.
It is not "Out Of Bounds" to consider any established connection
a channel. Even if only two agents are communicating.
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
channel
noun
[ IRC ] The basic unit of discussion on {IRC}.
Once one joins a channel,
everything one types is read by others
on that channel.
Channels are named with strings that begin with a
# sign and can have topic descriptions
(which are generally irrelevant to the actual subject of discussion).
At times of international crisis, #report has hundreds of members, some of whom take
turns listening to various news services and typing in summaries of the
news, or in some cases, giving first-hand accounts of the action (e.g.,
Scud missile attacks in Tel Aviv during the Gulf War in 1991).
-- Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003)
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
channel
chatroom
room
<chat> (Or "chat room", "room", depending on the system in
question) The basic unit of group discussion in {chat} systems
like {IRC}.
Once one joins a channel, everything one types is
read by others on that channel. Channels can either be named
with numbers or with strings that begin with a "#" sign and
can have topic descriptions (which are generally irrelevant to
the actual subject of discussion).
-- Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015)
To place a boundary around a qualified group of some kind.
"She Circles the members of the arts group who like Plato and Picasso."
see: Group Channels { Hubzilla , Osada }
also IT
* noun, Acronym
Computing (and) Information Technology
see: Acronym , TLA
Normally the Operators side of a Server Connection.
A Client communicates to a Service on a Users behalf.
The Client is the Software asking for a Service from a Server.
A Client might ask for an Icon for a users Avatar
or A journal page from a Web Server.
There need not be any active human intervention.
Most client to server connections are actually made
transparently with no intervention at all.
The definition needs to be made per Service Instance
as some Services can be both clients and servers.
Mail Transfer Agents (MTA) are both.
Web Servers _often_ act as clients while being proxies for other software.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
client
<programming> A computer system or process that requests a
service of another computer system or process (a "{server}")
using some kind of {protocol} and accepts the server's
responses. A client is part of a {client-server} software
architecture.
For example, a {workstation} requesting the contents of a file
from a {file server} is a client of the file server.
-- (1997-10-27)
also: clones
Simply a duplicate. A copy.
To make a duplicate of some set of information or other data.
e.g.
"I make clones of my account to host on other Hubzilla servers."
" I may clone my Pleroma contacts list for import into mastodon
and pleroma Instances."
see: Hubzilla Osada Pleroma
Wikipedia is a Commons.
In that it holds knowledge in common.
Much of the Internet Archive may also be described as a commons.
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
commons
- 1: a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area;
"they went for a walk in the park"
[syn: {park}, {commons}, {common}, {green}]
- 2: a pasture subject to common use
[syn: {commons}, {common land}]
- 3: a class composed of persons lacking clerical or noble rank
[syn: {commonalty}, {commonality}, {commons}]
- 4: the common people
[syn: {third estate}, {Commons}]
-- WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006)
Networked Commons
A commons is a centralized web content hosting site,
where users are able to freely contribute,
and retrieve their own or others' content at will.
from : https://indieweb.org/commons
(with edits )
Commons usually exhibit these characteristics:
run by non-profits or informal communities.
allow using external web-based identity for sign-in
(e.g. OpenID, web sign-in/IndieAuth)
allow posting of some kind of content
(text, images, etc.)
may require contributions be licensed with a standard open content license
(CC0, CC-BY, MIT, GPL, Public Domain)
enabling (or no explicit) terms of service (TOS)
little or no claim of ownership of any content contributed
little or no restriction on import/export of contributed content
or data about such content (e.g. comments, tags)
Compare: silos
-- [IndieWeb-Commons-Nov-2018] https://indieweb.org/commons
see: FSF IndieWeb Lockin
The information of Information Technology.
The ever elusive point to all of this :)
It may be:
text , sound , video , the code to an algorithm ....
A story, a gripe, seduction , or stamp collecting,
plain old showing off. Essentially human communication.
Anything that can reveal manipulate create or store information.
Anything that can transmit knowledge or some facsimile of such a device.
( a PNG file of a Photograph of a Petroglyph ... A Video with sound of the same. )
Anything that is a tool in those endeavours be that
Software Hardware or the systems that support those.
Rest or quietness of the mind in one's present condition;
freedom from discontent; satisfaction; contentment;
moderate happiness.
- "Such is the fullness of my heart's content."
--Shakespeare. << yeah, Not normally that.
consider: Data
Content Warning
On Social Media, particularly microblogging platforms
CW is used as a flag or signal to other users (and software filters)
to warn the recipient of possibly inappropriate content.
In many cases the users interface will hide the flagged content
unless specifically selected.
I would assume content might be "CWed".
(Language being a living thing.)
Continuous Wave, Carrier Wave
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
CW
<communications, history> (CW) A term from early {radio} history
for a {transmitter} using an {electron tube} (valve) {oscillator}
to constantly add energy to a {tuned circuit} connected to an
{antenna}.
The term is used in contrast with the use of a {spark gap} to
initiate a damped {sinusoidal wave} in a tuned circuit consisting
of an {inductor} and {capacitor}. The energy in this circuit
constantly changes between the capacitor's {electrostatic field}
and the inductor's {magnetic field}. The energy is then coupled
to the radiating antenna, loosely (so as not to dampen the wave
too quickly).
Some radio amateurs understand "CW" to mean transmission by
means a single frequency signal which is either on or off
(e.g. {Morse code}), as opposed to a carrier which varies
continuously in amplitude, frequency or phase. Some would
even call the former "unmodulated" even though turning on and
off is actually the most extreme form of amplitude modulation.
(2009-11-24)
Also: data, raw data
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
...
Numbers, characters, images, or other method of recording,
in a form which can be assessed by a human or (especially)
input into a computer, stored and processed there, or
transmitted on some digital channel.
...
Data on its own has no meaning , only when interpreted by some
kind of data processing system does it take on meaning and
become information .
For example, the binary data 01110101 might represent the integer
117 or the ASCII lower case U character or the blue component of
a pixel in some video.
Which of these it represents is determined by the way it
is processed (added, printed, displayed, etc.).
Even these numbers, characters or pixels however are still
not really information until their context is known...
(2007-09-10)
Also: Data Streams, Stream , Streaming
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
stream
<communications> An {abstraction}
referring to any flow of data from a source (or sender, producer)
to a single sink (or receiver, consumer)*.
A stream usually flows through a channel
of some kind, as opposed to packets which may be addressed
and routed independently, possibly to multiple recipients.
Streams usually require some mechanism for establishing a
channel or a "connection" between the sender and receiver.
Noun
A reference to an instance of a stream
Verb
The act of streaming data.
e.g.
"NASA will Stream Video from the ISS from 08:00 UTC"
From Wikipedia
Data mining is the process of discovering patterns in large data sets
involving methods at the intersection of
machine learning, statistics, and database systems.
Data mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science
with an overall goal to extract information (with intelligent methods)
from a data set and transform the information
into a comprehensible structure for further use.
—[WikiPedia-Data_23-Oct-2018] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_mining
Like any other powerful tool it may be subject to abuse.
Distributed Friends and Relations Network
A distributed authorisation protocol developed by Mike Macgirvin
Still used by Friendica.
see: Platform List
Also: D*, Diaspora Pods , Diaspora* Pods
Diaspora nodes are referred to as pods.
The name refers to dispersion, even invoking an Exodus away
from Centralised silo style networks. [dd]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
From The Diaspora Foundation [D*Website_Oct-2018] <https://diasporafoundation.org/>
diaspora*:
is based on three key philosophies:
Decentralisation [dd]
Instead of everyone's data being held on huge central servers
owned by a large organization,
diaspora* exists on independently run servers ("pods") all over the world.
You choose which pod to register with,
and you can then connect seamlessly with the diaspora* community worldwide.
Freedom
You can be whoever you want to be in diaspora*.
Unlike some networks, you don't have to use your real identity.
You can interact with people in whatever way you choose.
The only limit is your imagination.
diaspora* is also Free Software ,
giving you liberty over how you use it.
Privacy
In diaspora* you own your data.
You don't sign over rights to a corporation or
other interest who could use it.
In addition, you choose who sees what you share, using Aspects.
With diaspora*, your friends, your habits, and your content
is your business ... not ours!
Loosely:
Wider:
"Privacy, Democracy, Fairness & Freedom in a digital age.
Digital rights are human rights which see their expression online."
-- [DRW-au-Nov-2018]
See: EFF , EFA , EDRi , ORG , FSF
DM
A message sent _directly to a users account.
May be a single recipient or many users in a _list or _group.
To @message a person or group.
DM or even message
Often Shortened to 'DM' .
Also: Distributed Computing
Computational, Storage and Networking tasks
are all distributed across many hosts.
This is not simple baton passing (relaying messages) alone
but that plus storage of information and computation work being done.
Possibly, on many nodes,
on many networks,
across the Internet.
Cloud Computing is an example of distributed computing and there
are many, arguably more powerful approaches and concepts.
Distributed Computing is what networked hosts were born to do.
The concept predates computers with Central Processing Units.
(as we currently know them)
While examples from the Napoleonic era leap to mind , [2m]
I am sure there would be earlier instances.
(Using visual signalling towers to relay messages along routes to end users.. naval Signalling)
World War Two was possibly the widest pre Integrated CPU era example
(human computers connected by duplex telephony and simplex teletype (like) machines)
Or possibly some business networks in the 1920's and 30's.
(which influenced the hardware and systems design of Military uses)
[2m] I _could_ research this I guess :)
Diversified, Federated , Fediversed , Cluster
see: Federation , Fediverse Erlang MPI
The Domain Name System
The system that matches a human readable Name to an Internet Address.
simple examples
From V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms (September 2014) [vera]:
- DNS
Domain Name System (Internet, RFC 1034/1035, DNS)
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
DNS
{Domain Name System}.
Distributed Name Service. See {DECdns}.
Noun
synonyms:
Gaea, Ge, Terra, Tellus, Erde
The Whole World, The Globe,
Mother Earth
verb
To electrically ground a circuit or device.
Notable Features
More or less blue and white
Active Magnetosphere
Diverse Water-Centric Biosphere
Home to Cats, Mice and their Companion Animals
Point of Origin for all known selfies.
Point of Origin for all known technology
(( as of Late 2018 : 2020-02-14 16:55 ))
May have civilisation.
Excellent Water Based Sports [nc]
Earth Exports
FFFpc
AntiFFFpc
Potable Alcohol
Jazz
Warnings
See All of the above
Do not drink anything called "C o o l Aide" [ca]
Otherwise : Mostly Harmless
see: babel fish ™ HHGG ™ perspective , proportionality
Electronic Frontiers Australia (Inc.)
EFA is a non-profit national organisation
that has been promoting and protecting digital rights (civil liberties)
in Australia since it was established in January 1994.
EFA is completely independent from the USA's
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF).
EFA is focused on issues directly affecting Australians,
while EFF has an American and also a broad international focus.
The Objects and Purposes
To protect and promote the civil liberties
of users of computer based communications systems
and of those affected by their use.
To advocate the amendment of laws and regulations
in Australia and elsewhere
which restrict free speech and unfettered access to information.
To educate the community at large about the
social, political, and civil liberties issues
involved in the use of computer based communications systems.
To support, encourage and advise on the development
and use of computer based communication systems,
and related innovations.
To research and advise on the application of the law
(both current and proposed)
to computer based communication systems and related technologies.
-- [EFA-about_Oct-2018] https://www.efa.org.au/about/
see: Digital Rights
ref also: [DRW-au-Nov-2018] https://digitalrightswatch.org.au/about/
European Digital Rights
Is an association of civil and human rights organisations
from across Europe.
Whenever citizens' rights and freedoms
in the online environment are endangered
by the actions of political bodies or
private organisations,
EDRi ensure that they are respected.
EDRi's key priorities for the next years are privacy,
surveillance, net neutrality and copyright reform.
-- [EDRi-About_Oct-2018] https://edri.org/about/
see: Digital Rights
The Electronic Frontier Foundation
Based in the USA the EFF is the leading nonprofit
organization defending civil liberties
in the digital world.
Founded in 1990, EFF champions user privacy, free expression,
and innovation through impact litigation, policy analysis,
grassroots activism, and technology development.
The EFF works to ensure that rights and freedoms are
enhanced and protected as our use of technology grows.
The EFF also provides some tools and guidelines to assist
users of Information Technology.
https://www.eff.org/pages/tools
-- [EFF-About_Oct-2018] https://www.eff.org/about
see: Digital Rights
emoticon , :), :(, o/
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
- emoticon
- n 1: a representation of a facial expression (as a smile or
frown) created by typing a sequence of characters in
sending email; ":-( and :-) are emoticons"
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
emoticon, :-), smiley, smilies
<messaging> /ee-moh'ti-kon/ (Or "smiley") An {ASCII} {glyph}
used to indicate an emotional state in text-only {electronic
messaging} systems such as {chat}, {electronic mail}, {SMS} or
{news}. Although originally intended mostly as jokes,
emoticons are widely recognised if not expected; the lack of
verbal and visual cues can otherwise cause non-serious
comments to be misinterpreted, resulting in offence, arguments
and {flame wars}.
Hundreds of emoticons have been proposed, but only a few are
in common use. These include:
- :-) "smiley face" (for humour, laughter,
friendliness, occasionally sarcasm)
:-( "frowney face" (for sadness, anger, or upset)
- ;-) "half-smiley" (ha ha only serious); also
known as "semi-smiley" or "winkey face".
:-/ "wry face"
These are more recognisable if you tilt your head to the left.
The first two are by far the most frequently encountered.
Hyphenless forms of them are also common. The acronym "{lol}"
is also often used in the same context for the same effect
(and is easier to type).
The emoticon was invented by one Scott Fahlman on the {CMU}
{bboard} systems on 1982-09-19. He later wrote: "I had no
idea that I was starting something that would soon pollute all
the world's communication channels." {GLS} confirms that he
remembers this original posting, which has subsequently been
{retrieved from a backup
(http://research.microsoft.com/~mbj/Smiley/BBoard_Contents.html)}.
As with exclamation marks, overuse of the smiley is a mark of
loserhood! More than one per paragraph is a fairly sure sign
that you've gone over the line.
[{Jargon File}]
(2010-05-16)
WikiPedia emoticons https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emoticons
Unicodes FAQ https://www.unicode.org/faq/emoji_dingbats.html
see: jargon
(o|o) http://www.emojitracker.com/
If you :
do not communicate in pictograms in your daily cultural interactions
your consistently using more than a couple per message
are having a non casual conversation
Consider that Emojis are not displayed consistently
across platforms, interfaces, or even "Apps".
Your i-Silo and of course your i-call.
((Just Observations from Lived Experience.))
YMMV
Emojis can also be great fun.
And there is nothing wrong with that.
see: jargon
A computer programming language
Notable in this glossary context as it was designed to be robustly distributed
and enable what we now call federation all concurrently in the 1980's.
It is widely used. Especially in areas that require high reliability and resilience.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
Erlang
1. <person> {Agner Krarup Erlang}. (The other senses were
named after him).
2. <language> A concurrent {functional language} for large
industrial {real-time} systems by Armstrong, Williams and
Virding of Ellemtel, Sweden.
Erlang is untyped. It has {pattern matching} syntax,
{recursion equations}, explicit {concurrency}, {asynchronous
message passing} and is relatively free from {side-effects}.
It supports transparent cross-{platform} distribution. It has
primitives for detecting run-time errors, real-time {garbage
collection}, {modules}, {dynamic code replacement} (change
code in a continuously running real-time system) and a
{foreign language interface}.
It tends to hurt the heads of those programmers who have locked in
to procedural or Object based languages.
Some background in Set Theory may help.
Though don't drink too much cool-aide.
From Erlang.org
Erlang is a programming language used to
build massively scalable soft real-time systems
with requirements on high availability.
Some of its uses are in telecoms, banking, e-commerce,
computer telephony and instant messaging.
Erlang's runtime system has built-in support for concurrency, distribution and fault tolerance.
-- https://www.erlang.org/
see also:
https://github.com/erlang
https://learnyousomeerlang.com/
also: events
noun
- An event is an organised gathering of people.
Normally set for a specific time or a predictably repeating time.
Often recorded in a calendar
which may be accessible by a group of people
or network propagated to subscribed individuals.
(email counts)
verb
To export your data is to download your contact lists ,
interface settings or , other listings from on Network Instance.
This allows you to move your personal contact lists and bio details
between instances of the same type (and often other types) .
This facility is widely supported in the Fediverse as the assumption
is that YOU own your data. It is not for data mining.
Export personal data
Export account
Export your account info and contacts.
Use this to backup your account or to move it to another server.
Export all
Export your account info, contacts and all your items as json.
Could be a very big file, and could take a lot of time.
Use this to make a full backup of your account (photos are not exported)
-- Friendica (squeet.me) Settings Dialog Oct 2018
see: Platform List
noun acronym
Face Book
Facebook ™
Face-Book
A huge monolithic Social Media platform.
That is actually a thinly disguised front for :
Galactic Groups ™ Sirius Cybernetics ™ Marketing Division ™.
see: Platform List
Also: The Fediverse , Fediverse
Noun Verb
The descriptive title given to a set of social media services
that can communicate with each other.
Particularly using the ActivityPub protocol.
They May also talk to each other using standardised protocols including:
diaspora, Zot, OStatus, DFRN, as well as ActivityPub
Members of the Fediverse include:
Mastodon Instances, Diaspora Pods ,
Friendica Nodes , Pleroma Instances
Hubzilla, Socialhome, GangGo, postActive,
Misskey, PeerTube and GNUsocial Nodes ,
see also: Platform List
see also: Software Suites Overview <https://fediverse.party/en/fediverse/>
also see: Organic Design notes <https://organicdesign.nz/Fediverse>
The Not Divide
Sometimes further divided into the Federation and The Fediverse.
Generally; the Fediverse contains the Federation.
The Division is centrally about which Networks support the `ActivityPub`_ protocol.
Federation only networks can not easily communicate with Fediverse networks. [fg]
The "division" is Post Hoc.
Its is almost as simple as the fact that ActivityPub was
not formally released use until recently. (2018)
Most Federation (era) networks are either in active deployment and
testing of ActivityPub or have future plans to.
Effectively this means the current tendency is for wider, more
inclusive cooperation and Federation.
One Federated Distributed Fediverse with many flavours of networks.
( Late 2018 )
see also: Federation , Service , Instance , Pod , Host , Node
and Solid , Zot , Platform List
[fg] There are gateways. Diaspora (Nov 2018) seems to be the only serious hold out.
The Federation
The federation (in this context) is applied to the Services
that exploit protocols such as
Zot Red OStatus (stack) and Diaspora (protocol) OAuth
A recent Protocol ActivityPub <https://activitypub.rocks/>
has grown out of the experiences of the early Federated systems
and is now an accepted formalised W3C standard.
From The Federation Website <https://the-federation.info/>
(emphasis added)
"The Federation"
Refers to a global social network
composed of nodes that talk to each other.
Each of them is an installation of software which supports
one of the federated social web protocols.
(or more than one)
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
<security> The establishment of some or all of business
agreements, {cryptographic} trust and user identifiers or
attributes across security and policy domains to enable more
seamless business interaction.
As {web services} promise to enable integration between
business partners through {loose coupling} at the application
and messaging layer, federation does so at the identity
management layer, insulating each domain from the details of
the others' authentication and authorization. Key to this
loose coupling at the identity management layer are
standardized mechanisms and formats for the communication of
identity information between the domains. {SAML} is one such
standard.
—(2011-05-12)
See also the super set: Fediverse . Which includes the Federation
as a subset at least in the scope of Social Media.
Federate
* verb
e.g.
Lets federate our XMPP server with the Fediverse.
Federated
* Adjective
Services may be or become federated as they include protocols
that allow distributed operations.
e.g.
We have finally federated with the rest of the federation services.
Plugins or extensions exist for _some_ Fediverse Instances
to receive or send feeds to non-federated platforms.
Also: feeds , data feed
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
data feed
<data, architecture> Some process for transferring {data} from
one system to another in a predetermined form.
(2009-05-17)
also: RSS , Home Feed , Global Feed, Local Feed
also: pinky
Finger Notes
There are, of course, security implications and so
access to this service is usually restricted.
"Pinky" is a light weight finger.
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
finger
[WAITS, via BSD Unix]
1. n. A program that displays information about a particular user or all
users logged on the system, or a remote system. Typically shows full name,
last login time, idle time, terminal line, and terminal location (where
applicable). May also display a {plan file} left by the user (see also {
Hacking X for Y}).
vt. To apply finger to a username.
vt. By extension, to check a human's current state by any means:
"OK, finger Lisa and see if she's idle."
...
[WikiPedia-Finger_Nov-2018] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger_protocol
[Man-Finger_Nov-2018] https://www.mankier.com/1/finger
see also: webFinger
also: Flagged
Noun
A flag is an attribute set on an Object to assist filtering
or other sorting / decision process..
e.g. A flag may be set on a Message marking it Private,
or eyes only for some other grouping of accounts.
Verb
To "flag' something is to set a marker. Often a warning of some sort.
This usage does not relate neatly with "traditional" programming uses:
Where a flag usually only has a couple of possible values.
like so:
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
flag
noun
[very common]
A variable or quantity that can take on one of two values;
a bit, particularly one that is used to indicate one of two outcomes
or is used to control which of two things is to be done.
see: signal , CW , semaphore, filter
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
framework
1: a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process;
"the computer program was based on a model of the
circulatory and respiratory systems" [syn: {model},
{theoretical account}, {framework}]
2: the underlying structure; "providing a factual framework for
future research"; "it is part of the fabric of society" [syn:
{framework}, {fabric}]
3: a structure supporting or containing something
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
framework
In {object-oriented} systems, a set of {class}es that embodies
an abstract design for solutions to a number of related
problems.
(1995-01-30)
see: Vue.js Elixer Node.js Ostatus
see: jargon
Also: Friendica Nodes
Friendica servers are called "nodes".
Friendica supports a wide range of inter-service protocols.
It exploits a plugin mechanism (API) to extend connectivity
to many non-federated Services as well. e.g. G+
Friendica Federation
Supported Connection Protocols:
DFRN, OStatus, diaspora
StatusNet, GNU social, Quitter
ActivityPub ( maturing late 2018 )
Social Media Connects to:
diaspora*, Hubzilla,
Mastodon, Socialhome, GangGo,
Pleroma, GNU Social, postActiv
email via IMAP4rev1/ESMTP.
RSS/Atom. (import data feeds from other sites)
Import arbitrary websites and blogs into your social stream via RSS/Atom feeds.
e.g. Wordpress
Support for other services via plugins.
see : Features https://friendi.ca/about/features/
Friendica Links:
see: Platform List
Noun
The applications that work with services on behalf of a Client.
Most of the Interaction you may have with your Nodes on the Fediverse
is done through a Frontend.
(Your Web Browser Interfaces to Friendica or GnuSocial Instances for instance )
Noun
Funkwhale is a Free and Open music player for the Fediverse.
Its federation features are currently limited to a bot or two.
The interface is web based. (browser)
Funkwhale Federation
from: https://docs.funkwhale.audio/features.html#federation [19-Oct-2018]
Each Funkwhale instance is able to fetch music from other compatible servers,
and share its own library on the network, in a process known as "federation".
Federation is implemented using the ActivityPub protocol,
in order to leverage existing tools and be compatible with other services such as Mastodon.
As of today, federation only targets music acquisition,
meaning user interactions are not shared via ActivityPub.
This will be implemented at a later point.
also: The Free Software Foundation
The Free Software Foundation
The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a nonprofit
with a worldwide mission to promote computer user freedom.
[They] defend the rights of all software users.
...
Core Work
The FSF maintains historic articles
covering free software philosophy and
maintains the Free Software Definition
- to show clearly what must be true about
a particular software program for it to be considered free software.
The FSF sponsors the GNU project
- the ongoing effort to provide a complete operating system
licensed as free software.
We also fund and promote important free software development
and provide development systems for GNU software maintainers,
including full email and shell services and mailing lists.
We are committed to furthering the development
of the GNU Operating System
and enabling volunteers to easily contribute to that work,
including sponsoring Savannah the source code repository
and center for free software development.
-- [FSF-Intro_Oct-2018] https://www.fsf.org/about/
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
Free Software Foundation
FSF
<body> (FSF) An organisation devoted to the creation and
dissemination of {free software}, i.e. software that is free
from licensing fees or restrictions on use. The Foundation's
main work is supporting the {GNU} project, started by {Richard
Stallman} (RMS), partly to proselytise for his position that
information is community property and all software source
should be shared.
see: Digital Rights , GNU ,
from : The FreeBSD FAQ
FreeBSD is a modern operating system for desktops, laptops,
servers, and embedded systems with support for a large number of platforms.
It is based on U.C. Berkeley's "4.4BSD-Lite" release,
with some "4.4BSD-Lite2" enhancements.
It is also based indirectly on William Jolitz's port of
U.C. Berkeley's "Net/2" to the i386#, known as "386BSD",
though very little of the 386BSD code remains.
FreeBSD is used by companies, Internet Service Providers,
researchers, computer professionals, students and home users
all over the world in their work, education and recreation.
-- [FreeBSD_FAQ-Nov_2018]
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
FreeBSD
<operating system> A free {operating system} based on the {BSD
4.4-lite} release from {Computer Systems Research Group} at
the {University of California at Berkeley}.
FreeBSD requires an {ISA}, {EISA}, {VESA}, or {PCI} based
computer with an {Intel 80386SX} to {Pentium} CPU (or
compatible {AMD} or {Cyrix} CPU) with 4 megabytes of {RAM} and
60MB of disk space.
Some of FreeBSD's features are: {preemptive multitasking} with
dynamic priority adjustment to ensure smooth and fair sharing
of the computer between applications and users. Multiuser
access - {peripherals} such as printers and tape drives can be
shared between all users. Complete {TCP/IP} networking
including {SLIP}, {PPP}, {NFS} and {NIS}. {Memory
protection}, {demand-paged virtual memory} with a merged
{VM}/{buffer cache} design. FreeBSD was designed as a {32 bit
operating system}. {X Window System} (X11R6) provides a
{graphical user interface}. {Binary compatibility} with many
programs built for {SCO}, {BSDI}, {NetBSD}, {386BSD}, and
{Linux}. Hundreds of ready-to-run applications in the FreeBSD
ports collection. FreeBSD is {source code compatible} with
most popular commercial {Unix} systems and thus most
applications require few, if any, changes to compile. {Shared
libraries}. A full compliment of {C}, {C++}, {Fortran} and
{Perl} development tools and many other languages. {Source
code} for the entire system is available. Extensive on-line
documentation.
{(http://freebsd.org/)}.
-- (1998-11-24)
see: BSD , OS , NIXen
Oct 2018 Google+
An exodus was just commencing.
Google ™ had recently announced the "Sundowning" of the public G+ Platform.
A remarkable amount of collaborative effort was underway
as G+ Users explored alternatives.
[G+MassMigrateGroup]
One astute User explained, with relevance and clarity,
some differences between "Centralised" and "Federated" Network Types.
[G+GriefPost]
Her post follows with layout alterations only.
I will attempt to explain:
A centralized or private social network cannot connect
with other social network types.
Like FB, G+, MeWe, and Discord for example.
You would need an account on each one.
A federated social network is decentralized
meaning there are many servers instead of one server like those above.
Each of these servers uses at least one of the 6 protocols
to communicate with other federated servers or nodes.
If you make an account on any federated network type,
that is the only account you need.
You will be able to "friend" others
on the same or different federated network types.
Examples of the network types are: Mastodon, Diaspora, Friendica, and Hubzilla.
I have a Friendica account so I can connect with others
(and already have done so in testing)
who have pluspora, joindiaspora, hubzilla, mastodon, and other friendica accounts.
If you join social networks that are not federated,
you will not be able to use it to connect with those that are federated.
You can, I am told by an admin, mirror your G+ posts to your Friendica account.
I am looking at how to set that up for my own account.
-- [Ayres_Oct-2018]
see: jargon Platform List
- Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple
(sometimes called "GAFA")
see: Jargon , Acronym
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
- Glossary Glos"sa*ry, n.; pl. {Gossaries}. [L. glossarium, fr.
glossa: cf. F. glossaire. See 3d {Gloss}.]
A collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages
of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an
author, a dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic,
technical, or other uncommon words.
[1913 Webster]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
- glossary
- n 1: an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized
field of knowledge; usually published as an appendix to a
text on that field [syn: {glossary}, {gloss}]
see: Glossary
A *Nix
From 'GNU : http://gnu.org' :
The name "GNU" is a recursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix!";
it is pronounced as one syllable with a hard g.
GNU was launched by Richard Stallman (rms) in 1983,
as an operating system which would be put together by people
working together for the freedom of all software users
to control their computing. rms remains the Chief GNUisance today.
The primary and continuing goal of GNU is to
offer a Unix-compatible system that would be 100% free software.
Not 95% free, not 99.5%, but 100%.
The name of the system, GNU, is a recursive acronym meaning
GNU's Not Unix
- a way of paying tribute to the technical ideas of Unix,
while at the same time saying that GNU is something different.
Technically, GNU is like Unix. But unlike Unix, GNU gives its users freedom.
...
The ultimate goal is to provide free software
to do all of the jobs computer users want to do ...
-- [GNU_Oct-21-2018] https://www.gnu.org/gnu/about-gnu.html
The software suite under the FSF / GNU's aegis is, arguably,
foundational to the contemporary computing and the Internet itself.
It is certainly enabling.
The FSF maintain a software listing here:
https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Main_Page
-- [FSF-List_Oct-21-2018]
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
GNU
<body, project> /g*noo/ 1. A {recursive acronym}:
"GNU's Not Unix!". The {Free Software Foundation}'s project
to provide a freely distributable replacement for {Unix}. The
GNU Manifesto was published in the March 1985 issue of
Dr. Dobb's Journal but the GNU project started a year and a
half earlier when {Richard Stallman} was trying to get funding
to work on his freely distributable editor, {Emacs}.
{Emacs} and the GNU {C} compiler, {gcc}, two tools designed
for this project, have become very popular. GNU software is
available from many {GNU archive sites}.
see also: Unix, Nixen, *Nix, *BSD, suite, FSF ,
[GNU-Oct-2018] : <http://gnu.org>
also: GNU Social, GNUSocial, gnusocial nodes
From: <https://gnusocial.cc>
gnusocial.cc is one of many GNU social-/StatusNet-instances.
gnusocial.cc is a project using the GNU social - / StatusNet -system,
combined with a familiar user interface (UI).
GNU social/StatusNet is a decentralised microblogging platform.
Users of one instance (or: service) can follow, be followed by,
and communicate with users of any other instance.
Other instances are, e.g.,
loadaverage.org, status.vinilox.eu, micro.fragdev.com, gnusocial.de,
indy.im, quitter.no, rainbowdash.net, etc.
The current number of microblogging instances using the GNU social/StatusNet software
is probably about 50, gnusocial.cc is one of them.
As they all use the same software (GNU social/StatusNet) and transmission protocol (OStatus),
they can talk to each other just like e-mail servers can talk to each other,
even though they are independent and run by different companies.
—[gnuSocial_Oct-2018]
see: Platform List
Noun
A document retrieval system from the 1990's.
Gopher is offered as an extra protocol by some networks. [pg]
While still Internet based (TCP/IP) Gopher
is "off the Web" and surprisingly flexible.
(enough of both to be a quietly useful medium)
Gophers live on Port 70 and are persistent little critters. :)
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
gopher
<networking, protocol> A {distributed} document retrieval
system which started as a {Campus Wide Information System} at
the {University of Minnesota}, and which was popular in the
early 1990s.
Gopher is defined in {RFC 1436}. The protocol is like a
primitive form of {HTTP} (which came later). Gopher lacks the
{MIME} features of HTTP, but expressed the equivalent of a
document's {MIME type} with a one-character code for the
"{Gopher object type}". At time of writing (2001), all Web
browers should be able to access gopher servers, although few
gopher servers exist anymore.
{Tim Berners-Lee}, in his book "Weaving The Web" (pp.72-73),
related his opinion that it was not so much the protocol
limitations of gopher that made people abandon it in favor of
HTTP/{HTML}, but instead the legal missteps on the part of the
university where it was developed:
"It was just about this time, spring 1993, that the University
of Minnesota decided that it would ask for a license fee from
certain classes of users who wanted to use gopher. Since the
gopher software being picked up so widely, the university was
going to charge an annual fee. The browser, and the act of
browsing, would be free, and the server software would remain
free to nonprofit and educational institutions. But any other
users, notably companies, would have to pay to use gopher
server software.
"This was an act of treason in the academic community and the
Internet community. Even if the university never charged
anyone a dime, the fact that the school had announced it was
reserving the right to charge people for the use of the gopher
protocols meant it had crossed the line. To use the
technology was too risky. Industry dropped gopher like a hot
potato."
—(2001-03-31)
Hot Potato or not Gopher is (apparently) still a useful "out of band"
method for sharing information.
RFC 1436 is quite digestible.
[pg] the tildeverse and pleroma for instance , but there will be others.
see also: Protocol , URI , URL
[RFC1436_Nov-2018] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1436
[CatsGopherHWY_Nov-2018] https://gopher.zone/posts/how-to-gophermap/
see: Platform List
Also: graphical
TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO
see: Content , 'Video' , Attachment
noun
A "Gravatar" is a Globally Recognised Avatar.
You upload it and create your profile just once,
and then when you participate in any Gravatar-enabled site,
your Gravatar image will automatically follow you there.
Gravatar is a free service for site owners,
developers, and users.
It is automatically included in every WordPress.com account
[Gravatar_Oct-2018] https://en.gravatar.com/support/what-is-gravatar/
also: UI
noun , acronym
Graphical User Interface
User Interface
A more Human Friendly Interface that enables operations
of vast collections of software.
see: Interface , Graphic
see: jargon
Noun
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
guest
1: a visitor to whom hospitality is extended [syn: {guest},
{invitee}]
2: United States journalist (born in England) noted for his
syndicated homey verse (1881-1959) [syn: {Guest}, {Edgar
Guest}, {Edgar Albert Guest}]
3: a customer of a hotel or restaurant etc.
4: (computer science) any computer that is hooked up to a
computer network
[syn: {node}, {client}, {guest}]
Verb
A perfectly sane system administrator might say:
" We guest (many) hosts on our virtual hosts,
and most of those guests are hosts. "
The more correct alternative being:
- " We host (many) hosts on our virtual hosts,
and all of those hosts are also hosting services. "
see: host , network , node
Noun
In a Social Media context a handle is a name that identifies an account.
A handle identifies a human, a group or bot.
Essentially it functions as your name or Nickname.
Nick is essentially a synonym for Handle.
A Handle may also uniquely Identify a node or host
much as shop front iconography or as web-address does
for other networked systems.
see also: @handle@node.domain
The term "Handle" is still widely used
in Information Technology, and other communications contexts.
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
handle
noun.
1. [from CB slang] An electronic pseudonym; a nom de guerre intended to
conceal the user's true identity. Network and BBS handles function as the
same sort of simultaneous concealment and display one finds on Citizen's
Band radio, from which the term was adopted. Use of grandiose handles is
characteristic of {warez d00dz}, {cracker}s, {weenie}s, {spod}s, and other
lower forms of network life; true hackers travel on their own reputations
rather than invented legendry. Compare {nick}, {screen name}.
2. A {magic cookie}, often in the form of a numeric index into some array
somewhere, through which you can manipulate an object like a file or
window. The form file handle is especially common.
3. [Mac] A pointer to a pointer to dynamically-allocated memory; the extra
level of indirection allows on-the-fly memory compaction (to cut down on
fragmentation) or ageing out of unused resources, with minimal impact on the
(possibly multiple) parts of the larger program containing references to
the allocated memory. Compare {snap} (to snap a handle would defeat its
purpose); see also {aliasing bug}, {dangling pointer}.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
handle
1. <programming, operating system> A simple item of data that
identifies a resource. For example, a {Unix} file handle
identifies an open file and associated data such as whether it
was opened for read or write and the current read/write
position. On the {Macintosh}, a handle is a pointer to a
pointer to some dynamically-allocated memory. The extra level
of indirection allows on-the-fly {memory compaction} or
{garbage collection} without invalidating application program
references to the allocated memory.
2. <jargon> An alias used intended to conceal a user's true
identity in an electronic message. The term is common on
Citizen's Band and other amateur radio but, in that context
usually means the user's real name as {FCC} rules forbid
concealing one's identity.
Use of grandiose handles is characteristic of {crackers},
{weenies}, {spods}, and other lower forms of network life;
true hackers travel on their own reputations.
Compare {nick}.
[{Jargon File}]
<networking> {domain handle}.
(2004-07-20)
see: jargon
also: #hashtag , HashTag
* Noun
also:
noun
The top line of a message.
The first item of a list.
Top of the page.
The thing that holds the thing you may think with.
Noun
A machine or place on a network.
A host may be a Work Station an Internet Of Things Appliance
or any other device that has an Operating System and / or
the ability to utilise its network connections.
Verb
Host or Hosts
A Server is an Instance of a Host that itself
Hosts services for other computers or network nodes.
A node may host software.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
<networking> A computer connected to a {network}.
The term node includes devices such as routers and printers
which would not normally be called "hosts".
<communications> A computer to which one connects using a
terminal emulator.
-- (1995-02-16)
This information is from the Hubzilla development site:
Hubzilla Instances (nodes) are called Hubs.
The Hubs Federate into a Grid.
The Hubs can see much of the rest of the Fediverse.
Access and Identity are portable across (at least) The Hubzilla Grid.
All web connections are encrypted ( https ).
All storage is encrypted.
( as of Late 2018 )
Hubzilla Notes
From: [HubzillaDevelopment-Oct-2018] https://project.hubzilla.org/page/hubzilla/hubzilla-project
"Hubzilla is a powerful platform for creating interconnected websites
featuring a decentralized identity, communications,
and permissions framework built using common webserver technology."
The Grid
The Grid is a decentralised network of Hubzilla Hubs.
This is similar to federation.
There is no single point of failure and no master server.
So I guess Hubzilla is a Hub Monster ?
Channels
Hubzilla emphasises the concept of Channel
to include almost any browsable meta grouping.
A user account is a channel,
An account may be cloned and imported into any other hubzilla.
A group of accounts may be a channel,
A web site may be a channel,
A collection of images may be a channel
Think of Hubzilla channels as:
A Collection that you can selectively share.
Access and privacy are central to these channels and even portable.
Nomadic Identity
A Hubzilla Identity is portable across other Hubzilla Hubs and
anywhere the Zot protocol is supported.
Zot allows completely decentralised communications and
insulation from DNS based identity.
[aside]
It should not matter where you are,
or how many proxies you hopped through to arrive there.
"
With Hubzilla, you don't have an "account" on a server
like you do on typical websites;
you own an identity that you can take with you
across the grid by using clones.
"
-- [Osada-About-Nov-2018] https://osada.app/help/en-gb/about/about
[/aside]
On-line Storage
Hubs may offer cloud like storage allocations using WebDav and Browser uploads.
—[Hubzill-start_Oct-24-2018] https://project.hubzilla.org/page/hubzilla/hubzilla-project
see: Platform List
Enabling users to use their own domain (or dedicated service) [od] to sign in to
sites, plaforms and services.
IndieAuth is an extension to OAuth 2.0 that
enables any website to become its own identity provider.
It builds on OAuth 2.0, taking advantage of all the
existing security considerations and best practices in the industry
around authorization and authentication.
-- [dweb-iauth-Nov-2018]
IndieAuth enables Clients to:
One objective is to decentralise the Authorisation system.
(away from the big silo type providers)
You might use it to handle remote logins to your social media service.
Especially as you shift across devices, applications and locations.
[od] Instead of "Login With" Google,Facebook or Github for example.
IndieAuth is an extension to OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749],
(is used by Micropub clients for example).
IndieAuth Architecture
IndieAuth starts with the assumption that every identifier is a URL.
Users as well as applications are identified and represented by a URL.
When a user logs in to an application, they start by entering their personal home page URL.
The application fetches that URL and finds where to send the user to authenticate,
then sends the user there,
and can later verify that the authentication was successful.
-- [dweb-iauth-Nov-2018]
How IndieAuth works
Basic flow with a user signing in to a (web) app
The user fills in his/her personal URL
This is called Web sign-in.
The app fetches the URL, looking for an authorization endpoint.
For this, the user can use IndieAuth.com,
but it can also be at their own domain.
The app redirects the User to their authorization endpoint.
The user authenticates at their own authorization endpoint.
IndieAuth.com uses RelMeAuth to authenticate users,
but if a user uses an authorization endpoint on his/her own site,
it can be a password, e-mail link,
or any other authentication mechanism
the authorization endpoint provides.
They [the user] prove their identity to their authorization endpoint
while the app waits for them to complete.
The authorization endpoint
issues a temporary authorization code,
and sends it to the app by redirecting
the user's browser back to the app.
The app checks the code with the authorization endpoint,
the login is completed,
-- [IndieAuth-IW_Nov-2018]
[Some edits and emphasis added.]
The Independent Web
from: https://indieweb.org/
What is the IndieWeb?
The IndieWeb is a people-focused alternative to the "corporate web".
Your content is yours
When you post something on the web,
it should belong to you, not a corporation.
Too many companies have gone out of business and lost all of their users' data.
By joining the IndieWeb, your content stays yours and in your control.
You are better connected
Your articles and status messages can go to all services,
not just one,
allowing you to engage with everyone.
Even replies and likes on other services can come back
to your site so they're all in one place.
You are in control
You can post anything you want,
in any format you want,
with no one monitoring you.
In addition, you share simple readable links
such as example.com/ideas.
These links are permanent and will always work.
-- [indieweb-org_Nov-2018] https://indieweb.org/
see : silos , indieauth , webmention , micropub , microformats ,
also: Instance
Noun
An example of something.
Verb
TODO
see: Platform List
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
- interface noun.
a surface forming a common boundary between two things,
especially between two fluids. [WordNet sense 1]
[WordNet 1.5]
(Computers) hardware that links one device with another
(especially a computer). [WordNet sense 2]
[WordNet 1.5]
(Computers) That part of a computer program which controls
the way a program interacts with a user; the manner of
inputting and outputting of data, and the way information
is presented on a computer monitor; also called {user
interface}; as, a graphical user interface; a
character-based interface.
[PJC]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
- interface (noun)
- (chemistry) a surface forming a common boundary between two
things (two objects or liquids or chemical phases)
(computer science)
a program that controls a display for the
user (usually on a computer monitor)
and that allows the user to interact with the system
[syn. {interface}, {user interface}]
the overlap where two theories or phenomena affect each other
or have links with each other; "the interface between
chemistry and biology"
(computer science) computer circuit consisting of the
hardware and associated circuitry that links one device with
another (especially a computer and a hard disk drive or other
peripherals)
[syn: {interface}, {port}]
acronym
I Am Not A Lawyer
see: acronym
Internet Engineering Task Force
IETF
<networking, standard, body> (IETF) The IETF is a large, open
international community of network designers, operators,
vendors and researchers whose purpose is to coordinate the
operation, management and evolution of the {Internet} and to
resolve short- and mid-range {protocol} and architectural
issues. It is a major source of proposals for {protocol}
{standards} which are submitted to the {Internet Architecture
Board} (IAB) for final approval.
see: jargon
also: IMO
In My Humble Opinion
In My Opinion
see: acronym
Noun Protocol
A federated Chat Service and much more.
Matrix's initial goal is to fix the problem of
fragmented IP communications: letting users message and call each other
without having to care what app the other user is on -
making it as easy as sending an email.
Matrix is an open standard for inter-operable, decentralised,
real-time communication over Internet Protocol. ...
May be used for Instant Messaging, VoIP/WebRTC signalling,
Internet of Things communication ...
-- [MatrixFAQ_Oct-2018]
MurzNN commented on Sep 21, 2017
At now in most OS and browsers we can implement and register any custom protocol,
that opens specific app,
here is some examples: http://kb.mozillazine.org/Register_protocol
So there are not too hard to manually register mx:// or matrix:// protocol
in local system and configure browser to auto-open specific desktop app
(Riot for example) on click for all urls with this protocol.
Lets select and fix one recommended variation of Matrix protocol prefix
in Matrix docs and provide link to it in matrix.to website,
with short description how to configure it manually on local system.
This will be good start for officially registering Matrix protocol prefix
by default in browsers / OS.
And next small step will be provide browser extensions
with implementation of this protocol.
-- https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/issues/455 (Nov 2018)
also: messages
Noun
Synonyms
Verb
To "message" somebody is to send them a communication.
Usually NOT face to face. To "get in touch" with them.
@message syn. DM
(informally) Imply a little more urgency or importance.
Specifically contact a person or get their attention.
see: Instant Messaging
noun
Multi Factor Authentication
(That extra step after you enter the password.)
"a method of confirming a user's claimed identity
in which a computer user is granted access only
after successfully presenting two or more pieces
of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism:
knowledge (something the user and only the user knows),
possession (something the user and only the user has),
and inherence (something the user and only the user is)"
-- [WikiPedia-MFA_Nov-2018]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication>
see: 2FA
also: microblog
see: Platform List
The Micropub protocol is used to create, update and delete posts
on one's own domain using third-party clients.
Web apps and native apps (e.g., iPhone, Android) can use Micropub
to post and edit articles, short notes, comments, likes, photos, events
or other kinds of posts on your own website.
The Micropub spec defines a simple mechanism to create content,
as well as a more thorough mechanism to update and delete content.
-- [W3_micropub_Nov-2018] - https://www.w3.org/TR/micropub/
(With developer level examples.)
Similar to how microformats has a relatively small ruleset for parsing
HTML documents into a data structure,
Micropub defines a small set of rules to interpret HTTP POST and GET
requests as Micropub commands.
Where Microformats does not require changing the parsing rules
to introduce new properties of an object such as an h-entry,
Micropub similarly does not require changing parsing rules to
interpret requests that may correspond to different post types,
such as posting videos vs "likes".
The Micropub syntax describes how to interpret HTTP POST and GET
requests into a useful action the server can take.
-- [MicroPub_Indieweb_Nov-2018] https://indieweb.org/Micropub
see : webmention , IndieWeb , microformats , indieauth
from: Miskey Site https://misskey.nl/
microblogging service.
Sophisticated fully customisable Ui, varieties of reaction for posts,
free file storage providing integrated management system and
other advancing functions are available.
Also, network system called "Fediverse" enables us to communicate with users on other SNSs.
Like, if you post something, then your posts will sent not only to Misskey but also mastodon.
Just imagine that the planet is sending a microwave to other planet to communication.
—[miskey_Oct-19-2018]
see: Microblogging Platform List
Very flexible and portable NIX style Operating System.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
<operating system> An {open source} {Unix} {clone} that aims
for {platform} Independence by a clean separation between the
{hardware} and the the {kernel}. It has been ported to many
platforms from {embedded systems} to 64-bit computers.
{NetBSD Home (http://netbsd.org/)}.
--(2004-10-08)
from https://netbsd.org/about/
The NetBSD Project's goals
One of the primary focuses of the NetBSD project has been
to make the base OS highly portable.
This has resulted in NetBSD being ported to a large number of
hardware platforms.
NetBSD is also interoperable, implementing many standard APIs
and network protocols, and emulating many other systems' ABIs.
Generally speaking, the NetBSD Project:
provides a well designed, stable, and fast BSD system,
avoids encumbering licenses,
provides a portable system, which runs on many hardware platforms,
interoperates well with other systems,
conforms to open systems standards as much as is practical.
In summary:
The NetBSD Project provides a freely available
and redistributable system that professionals,
hobbyists, and researchers can use in whatever manner they wish.
-- [NetBSD_About-Nov-2018] https://netbsd.org/about/
see: NIXen , BSD , OS , API , ABI
Networked, Networks , Net , Networking
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
- Network Net"work`, n.
A fabric of threads, cords, or wires crossing each other
at certain intervals, and knotted or secured at the
crossings, thus leaving spaces or meshes between them.
[1913 Webster]
Any system of lines or channels interlacing or crossing
like the fabric of a net; as, a network of veins; a
network of railroads.
[1913 Webster]
Hence: (Computers) A system of computers linked together
by communications channels allowing the exchange of data
between the linked computers.
[PJC]
(Radio, Television) A group of transmitting stations
connected by communications channels that permit the same
program to be broadcast simultaneously from multiple
stations over a very wide area; as, the CBS television
network; also, the organization that controls the
programming that is broadcast over such a network.
Contrasted with a {local station} or {local transmitter}.
[PJC]
(Electricity, Electronics) Any arrangement of electrical
devices or elements connected together by conducting
wires; as, a power transmission network.
[PJC]
A group of buildings connected by means of transportation
and communication between them, and controlled by a
central organization for a common purpose; as, a book
distribution network.
[PJC]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
verb
1: communicate with and within a group;
"You have to network if you want to get a good job"
Also: nick
* Noun
In Social Media contexts Nickname or Nick is
a synonym for Handle .
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
- Nick
[IRC; very common] Short for nickname.
On {IRC}, every user must pick a
nick , which is sometimes the same as the user's real name or login name,
but is often more fanciful. Compare handle, screen name.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
nick
[IRC] nickname. On IRC , every user must pick a nick, which
is sometimes the user's real name or login name, but is often
more fanciful. Compare Handle.
also: UNIX UNIXES
Linux , BSD (z) and Other Unix Like Operating Systems.
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
- UNIX
- n 1: trademark for a powerful operating system [syn: {UNIX},
{UNIX system}, {UNIX operating system}]
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
- Unix
/yoo'niks/, n.
[In the authors' words, ?A weak pun on Multics?; very early on it was ?
UNICS?] (also ?UNIX?) An interactive timesharing system invented in 1969 by
Ken Thompson after Bell Labs left the Multics project, originally so he
could play games on his scavenged PDP-7. Dennis Ritchie, the inventor of C,
is considered a co-author of the system. The turning point in Unix's
history came when it was reimplemented almost entirely in C during
1972?1974, making it the first source-portable OS. Unix subsequently
underwent mutations and expansions at the hands of many different people,
resulting in a uniquely flexible and developer-friendly environment. By
1991, Unix had become the most widely used multiuser general-purpose
operating system in the world ? and since 1996 the variant called {Linux}
has been at the cutting edge of the {open source} movement. Many people
consider the success of Unix the most important victory yet of hackerdom
over industry opposition (but see {Unix weenie} and {Unix conspiracy} for
an opposing point of view). See {Version 7}, {BSD}, {Linux}.
[richiethom]
Archetypal hackers ken (left) and dmr (right).
Some people are confused over whether this word is appropriately ?UNIX? or
?Unix?; both forms are common, and used interchangeably. Dennis Ritchie
says that the ?UNIX? spelling originally happened in CACM's 1974 paper The
UNIX Time-Sharing System because ?we had a new typesetter and {troff} had
just been invented and we were intoxicated by being able to produce small
caps.? Later, dmr tried to get the spelling changed to ?Unix? in a couple
of Bell Labs papers, on the grounds that the word is not acronymic. He
failed, and eventually (his words) ?wimped out? on the issue. So, while the
trademark today is ?UNIX?, both capitalizations are grounded in ancient
usage; the Jargon File uses ?Unix? in deference to dmr's wishes.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
Unix
<operating system> /yoo'niks/ (Or "UNIX", in the authors'
words, "A weak pun on Multics") Plural "Unices". An
interactive {time-sharing} {operating system} invented in 1969
by {Ken Thompson} after {Bell Labs} left the {Multics}
project, originally so he could play games on his scavenged
{PDP-7}. {Dennis Ritchie}, the inventor of {C}, is considered
a co-author of the system.
The turning point in Unix's history came when it was
reimplemented almost entirely in C during 1972 - 1974, making
it the first {source-portable} OS. Unix subsequently
underwent mutations and expansions at the hands of many
different people, resulting in a uniquely flexible and
{developer}-friendly environment.
By 1991, Unix had become the most widely used {multi-user}
general-purpose operating system in the world. Many people
consider this the most important victory yet of hackerdom over
industry opposition (but see {Unix weenie} and {Unix
conspiracy} for an opposing point of view).
Unix is now offered by many manufacturers and is the subject
of an international standardisation effort [called?].
Unix-like operating systems include {AIX}, {A/UX}, {BSD},
{Debian}, {FreeBSD}, {GNU}, {HP-UX}, {Linux}, {NetBSD},
{NEXTSTEP}, {OpenBSD}, {OPENSTEP}, {OSF}, {POSIX}, {RISCiX},
{Solaris}, {SunOS}, {System V}, {Ultrix}, {USG Unix}, {Version
7}, {Xenix}.
"Unix" or "UNIX"? Both seem roughly equally popular, perhaps
with a historical bias toward the latter. "UNIX" is a
registered trademark of {The Open Group}, however, since it is
a name and not an acronym, "Unix" has been adopted in this
dictionary except where a larger name includes it in upper
case. Since the OS is {case-sensitive} and exists in many
different versions, it is fitting that its name should reflect
this.
{The UNIX Reference Desk
(http://geek-girl.com/unix.html)}.
{Spanish fire extinguisher
(ftp://linux.mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de/pub/linux/people/okir/unix_flame.gif)}.
[{Jargon File}]
(2001-05-14)
Apple machines operate with a Unix like Operating System as well.
(darwin)
Unix is also an engineering concept:
More or Less:
"Use many small simple robust parts to build a greater whole.
The concept has proven to be effective portable durable and efficient."
Which is not the same as Universally Applicable ,
It just seems that way.
see: OS , Linux , BSD , Server , GNU , FSF
Nodes
A point of presence on a network.
Occasionally a single purpose Host but by no means always.
The most basic part of the network;
for example, a user or computer.
-- [InstNetCulture_Oct-2018]
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
node
A point or vertex in a {graph}.
{network node}.
A {hypertext} document.
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
node
8: (computer science) any computer that is hooked up to a
computer network
[syn: {node}, {client}, {guest}]
1: a connecting point at which several lines come together
2: any thickened enlargement [syn: {node}, {knob}, {thickening}]
3: (botany) the small swelling that is the part of a plant stem
from which one or more leaves emerge
[syn: {node}, {leaf node}]
4: (physics) the point of minimum displacement in a periodic
system [ant: {antinode}]
5: (astronomy) a point where an orbit crosses a plane
6: the source of lymph and lymphocytes [syn: {lymph node},
{lymph gland}, {node}]
7: any bulge or swelling of an anatomical structure or part
see: Platform List
also: OAuth2
You have probably see this protocol at work many times.
Whenever a web site or service ask you to Log In or Sign In with :
Google ™ or Facebook ™ or Github ™ or some other social media provider.
It is likely that the mechanisms at work depend centrally on OAuth2.
OAuth introduces an authorization layer separating the role of the client
from that of the resource owner.
OAuth (2.0) allows controlled access to the resources of another entity.
It is used as a broker protocol by client applications to
utilise information owned by another account or service.
More or less a constrained proxy who is given a unique set of ephemeral keys.
(usually)
In OAuth, the client requests access and is issued a different set of credentials
than those of the resource owner.
This means the Client:
Never stores sensitive information.
Never receives the Owners (full) access authority.
May have access constrained and revoked easily.
Selections from RFC 6749
The OAuth 2.0 authorization framework enables a third-party
application to obtain limited access to an HTTP service, either on
behalf of a resource owner by orchestrating an approval interaction
between the resource owner and the HTTP service, or by allowing the
third-party application to obtain access on its own behalf. This
specification replaces and obsoletes the OAuth 1.0 protocol described
in RFC 5849.
...
For example, an end-user (resource owner) can grant a printing
service (client) access to her protected photos stored at a photo-
sharing service (resource server), without sharing her username and
password with the printing service. Instead, she authenticates
directly with a server trusted by the photo-sharing service
(authorization server), which issues the printing service delegation-
specific credentials (access token).
-- [OAuth2-IETF-rfc6749_Nov-2018] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749
More information from :
[Oai] [OAuth-Started_Nov-2018] https://auth0.com/docs/getting-started
[OAuth-AaronParecki_Nov-2018] https://aaronparecki.com/oauth-2-simplified/
see: IndieAuth , IndieWeb , Authorisation , Authenticate
Login
Still in development November 2018.
(Github and Gitlab?)
Early 2019 release projected.
A new Social Network API and Interfaces
based around Django and Vue.js
The focus seems to be secured connections
with a validated plugins / modules system.
"We're at a breaking point.
We need to stop building products for users
and start building products for people.
To put humanity at the core of everything we build."
-- Joel Hernandez ( Founder of Openbook )
Openbook holds hope for the future,
a social network where we are not victims of its revenue model.
-- Phil Zimmermann ( Internet hall of fame member )
From FAQ :
Will Openbook be decentralised?
We want to get there eventually.
We're looking into Solid MIT approach (The one from Tim Berners Lee)
and we're very pleased with it so far.
Our first versions will however be centralised.
We do this because it's then easier to focus on innovating
in the product features and overall user experience.
These things will determine whether we'll reach the user base necessary
to take on existing social networks.
If we succeed at this, sky's the limit into what we can do in regards to decentralisation!
-- [OpenBookFAQ_Nov-2018] https://www.openbook.social/en/faq
see: Platform List
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
OpenBSD
<operating system> A version of {BSD Unix} with an emphasis on
security. A lot of security work that is ported to other free
operating systems originates with OpenBSD and a lot of {code
review} is done here.
Sub-projects of OpenBSD include
implementations of
{OpenBSD Home (http://openbsd.org/)}.
-- (2005-01-17)
from openBSD FAQ: https://www.openbsd.org/faq/faq1.html#WhatIs
The OpenBSD project produces a freely available, multi-platform
4.4BSD-based UNIX-like operating system. Our goals place emphasis
on correctness, security, standardization, and portability.
Why might I want to use it?
Some reasons why we think OpenBSD is a useful operating system:
OpenBSD runs on many different hardware platforms.
OpenBSD is thought of as the most secure UNIX-like operating system
by many security professionals, as a result of the
never-ending comprehensive source code audit.
OpenBSD is a full-featured UNIX-like operating system
available in source and binary form at no charge.
OpenBSD integrates cutting-edge security technology suitable
for building firewalls and private network services
in a distributed environment.
OpenBSD benefits from strong ongoing development in many areas,
offering opportunities to work with emerging technologies
and an international community of developers and end users.
OpenBSD attempts to minimize the need for customization and tweaking.
For the vast majority of users,
OpenBSD just works on their hardware for their application.
-- [openBSD_FAQ-Nov_2018]
see: Nixen , BSD , OS
also: openid
A remote id validation protocol and service
TODO
see: gravatar , Zot , authentication
also: ORG , ORGUK
Values as stated by ORG
We believe in human rights.
Our work is based on evidence.
We are accountable to our supporters, and operate with integrity.
We believe in the importance of empowered people defending digital rights.
Our work must be accessible and inclusive.
see: Digital Rights
also; Op, O P, Operators
see: IRC Chat
What Is Osada
(from https://osada.app/help/en-gb/about/about)
From the practical perspective of hub members who use the software,
Osada offers a variety of familiar, integrated web apps and services,
including:
social networking discussion threads
cloud file storage
calendar and contacts (with CalDAV and CardDAV support)
webpage hosting with a content management system
wiki
and more...
[edits]
Osada allows you to set permissions for groups and individuals who may not even have accounts on your hub!
In typical web apps,
if you want to share things privately on the internet,
the people you share with must have accounts on the server hosting your data.
otherwise, there is no robust way for your server to authenticate visitors to the site.
Osada solves this problem with an advanced system of remote authentication.
Validating a Visitors identity by employing techniques that include public key cryptography.
[Osada-About-Nov-2018] https://osada.app/help/en-gb/about/about
From The Author
Mike Macgirvin https://macgirvin.com/wiki/mike/Osada/Home
Osada is a gateway server between nomadic and non-nomadic networks
(such as between Zot Zot6 and ActivityPub Diaspora Ostatus ).
The purpose of Osada ("gypsy settlement") is to
resolve the dilemma that software which was not designed around nomadic identity
won't actually work correctly with software that is nomadic.
The only other alternative is for all web communications software
and protocols to be nomadic-aware and this is unlikely to happen.
In prior efforts such as RedMatrix and Hubzilla ,
federation with non-nomadic networks was offered as a choice.
You could choose federation or nomadic identity.
Choosing both leads to a situation where expected communications
are not delivered and both federation and nomadic operation are flawed in basic ways.
Osada resolves this basic dilemma by providing a gateway service between the two incompatible paradigms.
At a high level, Osada provides a non-nomadic server which can federate
with all existing networks.
(to the extent that those networks permit federation;
ActivityPub and Diaspora have limitations on their ability
to federate third-party messages between incompatible protocols).
On the nomadic side, Osada does not allow "nomadic" operation itself,
but it supports nomadic communication.
It uses a Zot6 concept called linked identities
to transfer information into and out of the nomadic network.
The linked identity on the Osada side is not a clone
and [also] has a distinct non-nomadic identity.
It can be bound to a nomadic identity on the Zot6 network.
All federation and cross-protocol communication occurs at the bridge.
If the linked identity relationship is severed for any reason
(including failure/shutdown of the bridge), all bridged communications will cease.
Osada identities can be moved/relocated
and connections on non-nomadic networks which support account moves will be retained.
Connections on services which do not allow moves will be lost.
People inside the nomadic network will make connections to the nomadic identity.
People on outside networks will make connections to the Osada identity
and will be (likely) unable to resolve the internal nomadic identity
as something they are able to federate with.
An Osada reference implementation is available at https://framagit.org/macgirvin
-- [MikeMacGirvin-Osada_Nov-01-2018] https://macgirvin.com/wiki/mike/Osada/Home
see: Platform Zot nomadic Platform List
This is often used with Multi-factor Authentication
and / or encrypted communications.
The Password Or Phrase:
May be generated per access instance.
Will be known only to the User and Host.
Is ephemeral, discarded and never used again.
One Time Pads are often more involved, (spycraft)
though essentially the concept is the same.
There are other meanings for OTP.
These are not uncommon.:
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
OTP
<security> {One-Time Password}.
<protocol> {Open Trading Protocol}.
<storage, integrated circuit>
{One Time Programmable Read Only Memory}.
- <communications, library>
{Open Telecom Platform}.
—(2001-08-28)
Describes
Communication happening on a side channel or other "circuit".
Information flows outside the primary interface.
The displacement may also be temporal without being at all Doctor Who.
(say the next day or previously or a few minutes later)
The Act of Communicating Out Of Band.
" Lets Take this issue Out Of Band, while the rest stay on subject. "
see: "The Band" "The Last Waltz" IRC
see: IRC XMPP
The BSD family and Linux Operating Systems are important foundations
for contemporary networking, and all general purpose computing.
see: Linux , BSD , Nixen
also: Peer To Peer peer-to-peer
noun (usually)
Not a protocol but a label for a number of sometimes distributed
(often centralised) sharing "services".
At various times this approach has been controversial.
Mostly because of the content shared, rather than the technologies.
The content actually shared maybe distributed across many clients (peers)
The services provide methods of searching discovering and actually distributing content.
The client (peer) is often expected to also share the content
for at least as long as that client is downloading the many parts that make up the final file(s).
The name captures concepts invoked by :
Peer to Peer , person to person , client to client.
Newsgroups and anon FTP sites.
From Foldoc:
<networking>
1. The kind of communication found in a system
using layered { protocols }. Each software or hardware
component can be considered to communicate only with its
{ peer } in the same layer via the connection provided by the
lower layers.
(1994-12-14)
2. A decentralised {file sharing} system like {BitTorrent},
{Gnutella} or {Kazaa} where computers that download data also
store that data and serve it to other downloaders. This
increases the total bandwidth available in proportion to the
number of users and so reduces download time. It also
improves resilience by providing multiple redundant sources
for the same data. This contrasts with {client-server} where
all clients download the data from a single server (or
{mirror}), sharing its fixed bandwidth.
Peer-to-peer networks are typically ad-hoc and rely on users
sharing the content they have downloaded for the benefit of
other users. Users who fail to do this are called "leaches".
A "seed" is a node on a peer-to-peer network that is
sharing a complete copy of a file, as opposed to other nodes
that may only have some of the parts into which the file has
been split.
(2010-02-20)
-- The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]
also: Pass Phrase
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Password Pass"word`, n.
A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a
watchword; a countersign. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
-- The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
password
n 1: a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group;
"he forgot the password" [syn: {password}, {watchword},
{word}, {parole}, {countersign}]
-- WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006)
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
password
<security> An arbitrary string of characters chosen by a user
or {system administrator} and used to authenticate the user
when he attempts to log on, in order to prevent unauthorised
access to his account.
A favourite activity among unimaginative {computer nerds} and
{crackers} is writing programs which attempt to discover
passwords by using lists of commonly chosen passwords such as
people's names (spelled forward or backward). It is
recommended that to defeat such methods passwords use a
mixture of upper and lower case letters or digits and avoid
proper names and real words. If you have trouble remembering
random strings of characters, make up an acronym like
"ihGr8trmP" ("I have great trouble remembering my password").
-- The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (1994-10-27)
Nine Teen Ninety Four
[u]
Remember Silos and sites occasionally get cracked.
What would it mean if "that password" was exposed (and they do get sold on).
How many sites would you have to alter.
see: Authorisation Authenticate
from https://joinpeertube.org/
How it works
Everybody can host a PeerTube server we call [an] instance.
Every instance hosts its own users and their videos.
It also keeps a list of the videos available of the instances
the administrator chooses to follow in order to suggest them to its users.
Every account has a globally unique identifier. e.g.
@chocobozzz@framatube.org
consisting of the local username (@chocobozzz)
and the domain name of the server it is on (framatube.org).
so @chocobozzz@framatube.org
see also: @handle@node.domain for another explanation.
The administrators of a PeerTube instance can follow each other.
When your PeerTube instance follows another PeerTube instance,
you [also] receive the videos preview information [s] from this [followed] instance.
This way, you can display the videos available on your instance
and on the instances you decided to follow.
So you keep control of the videos displayed on your PeerTube instance!
-- https://joinpeertube.org/en/#how-it-works [ 30 Jan 2019 ]
[ with small edits to content, bullet points for clarity ]
see: Platform List
- refs:
[PeerTube_how_Jan-2019]
[PeerTube_what_Jan-2019]
also: Humans
In this and wider Information Technology Contexts:
see: User
ping, pings , pinging
Verb
In the context of the Fediverse (and others) to "ping" somebody,
is to get their attention.
To inquire of their current status.
The active act of pinging.
Testing and measuring a network connection.
"Ping host X to see if it is up."
see also: @mention
Noun Backronym
The name of the program, classically and widely used
to actually "ping" a host or node.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
ping
Packet InterNet Groper
ping command
pinging
<networking, tool> (ping, originally contrived to match
submariners' term for the sound of a returned sonar pulse) A
program written in 1983 by Mike Muuss (who also wrote {TTCP})
used to test reachability of destinations by sending them one,
or repeated, {ICMP} echo requests and waiting for replies.
Since ping works at the {IP} level its server-side is often
implemented entirely within the {operating system} {kernel}
and is thus the lowest level test of whether a remote host is
alive. Ping will often respond even when higher level,
{TCP}-based services cannot.
Sadly, Mike Muuss was killed in a road accident on 2000-11-20.
The {Unix} command "ping" can be used to do this and to
measure round-trip delays.
The funniest use of "ping" was described in January 1991 by
Steve Hayman on the {Usenet} group comp.sys.next. He was
trying to isolate a faulty cable segment on a {TCP/IP}
{Ethernet} hooked up to a {NeXT} machine. Using the sound
recording feature on the NeXT, he wrote a {script} that
repeatedly invoked ping, listened for an echo, and played back
the recording on each returned {packet}. This caused the
machine to repeat, over and over, "Ping ... ping ... ping ..."
as long as the network was up. He turned the volume to
maximum, ferreted through the building with one ear cocked,
and found a faulty tee connector in no time.
Ping did not stand for "Packet InterNet Groper", Dave Mills
offered this {backronym} expansion some time later
...
The Story of the Ping Program <http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/ping.html>
PixelFed is a federated social image sharing platform,
similar to instagram.
"A Photo Sharing Experience for everyone"
Pixelfed servers are called instances.
Pixelfed Federation
Federation is done using the ActivityPub protocol, which is used by Mastodon, PeerTube, Pleroma, and more. Through ActivityPub PixelFed can share and interact with these platforms, as well as other instances of PixelFed.
Also: pleroma instances
Noun
"Pleroma is a federated social networking platform,
compatible with GNU social, Mastodon
and other ActivityPub and OStatus implementations.
It is free software licensed under the AGPLv3.
It actually consists of two components:
a back end, named simply Pleroma,
and a user-facing front end, named Pleroma-FE."
Features:
-- [Pleroma_17-Oct-2018] <https://pleroma.social/>
Pleroma network servers are called Instances .
It is fast robust and simple to operate .
Follows across the Fediverse are fast simple and reliable.
Pleroma is a microblogging server software that can federate
(= exchange messages with)
other servers that support the same federation standards... .
What that means is that you can host (run)
a server for yourself or your friends
and stay in control of your online identity,
(and)
still exchange messages with people on larger servers.
—[lain_17-Oct-2018]
<https://blog.soykaf.com/post/what-is-pleroma/>
(some small edits)
Noun
A Federated blogging engine, based on ActivityPub
"Authors can manage various blogs from an unique website.
Articles are also visible on other Plume websites,
and you can interact with them directly from other platforms like Mastodon."
There is live and working instance at: <https://Fediverse.blog>.
"Fediverse.Blog is a great choice if you want
to have an up-to-date public instance
(where your data won't be deleted).
It is provided by @gled@mastodon.host the Mastodon.host admin."
-- [baptise_Oct_2018} <https://baptiste.gelez.xyz/about>
Plume is not yet ready for production uses. (October 2018)
Its Lead Developer considers it to experimental.
-- [PlumeDev]
Meanwhile for the curious the technical or to contribute:
The best place to start Plume on Github or the Plume Development Blog .
pods
In the context of Distributed Networked Services Pod
has two recent meanings.
An standalone Instance of Diaspora.
Personal Online Data (store) POD
"Used for distributed person data storage and processing".
Promulgated by Tim Berners-Lee and others.
-- [Inrupt-Oct-2018]
see: MIT , Solid
As a further demonstration of the fluidity of contemporary language
and the crowding of name-spaces and concepts, here are some other known meanings
in the general context of Information Technology.
From V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms (September 2014) [vera]:
- POD
Plain Old Document [format]
- POD
Print / Publishing On Demand, "PoD"
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
pod
Not to be confused with {P.O.D.}.
1. <printer> (Allegedly from abbreviation POD for "Prince Of
Darkness") A {Diablo} 630 (or, latterly, any {letter-quality}
{impact printer}). From the {DEC-10} {PODTYPE} program used
to feed formatted text to it.
<text> {Plain Old Documentation}.
[{Jargon File}]
(1998-12-18)
see: Platform List
also: posts
Noun
A single message.
A Toot is a Mastodon Post.
A tweet and a quip are types of post.
A (sent) message is a post
Something one may fix a paper based message on.
Often cylindrical and composed of wood. :) emoticon
Verb
post
To post a message where it is (generally) visible on a network.
"I will post this to the group"
"I have posted too many cat pics"
"Gandalf's Posts are Wizard"
From The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003) [jargon]:
To send a message to a {mailing list} or {newsgroup}. Distinguished in
context from mail; one might ask, for example:
?Are you going to post the patch or mail it to known users??
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
post
<messaging> To send a message to a {mailing list} or
{newsgroup}. Usually implies that the message is sent
indiscriminately to multiple users, in contrast to "mail"
which implies one or more deliberately selected individual
recipients.
You should only post a message if you think it will be of
interest to a significant proportion of the readers of the
group or list, otherwise you should use private {electronic
mail} instead. See {netiquette}.
[{Jargon File}]
(1997-12-04)
see: toot, tweet, quip, conversation, message, CW
Platform List
postactive postactiv
Noun
A Federated social networking platform
It is derived from GNU Social, which is itself derived from StatusNet and Laconica.
It helps people in a community, company, or group to exchange short status updates,
do polls, announce events, or other social activities.
Users can choose which people to "follow" and
receive only their friends' or colleagues' status messages.
They can also view the public timeline of the site to see everyone,
or the "whole known network" timeline,
to see all the people in sites that have connected with this one,
by someone [on your site] following them.
postActive Federation
As of Late 2018 postActive communicates with servers running :
Friendica, Hubzilla, GNU Social, StatusNet, and Mastodon.
(with some qualifications for mastodon)
-- [postActive-home_Oct-2018] https://postactiv.com/
see: ActivityPub which is a protocol not a platform.
Platform List
Protocols
An accepted set of rules procedures and guidelines.
By accepting an agreed common standardised set of methods
communication is reliably enabled between many systems.
In Federated Social Networking there is a well developed "Open Stack" of Protocols:
OAuth authorization, OpenID authentication, Zot portable authentication.
OStatus federation, ActivityPub federation protocol,
XRD metadata discovery, the Portable Contacts protocol,
the Wave Federation Protocol, XMPP (Jabber)
OpenSocial widget APIs,
microformats like XFN and hCard,
Atom web feeds. RSS syndication / feeds.
Some or usually many of these are used per social network system,
( Framework. Platform ) and in other distributed applications.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
protocol
A set of formal rules describing how to transmit data,
especially across a {network}. Low level protocols define the
electrical and physical standards to be observed, bit- and
byte-ordering and the transmission and {error detection and
correction} of the bit stream. High level protocols deal with
the data formatting, including the {syntax} of messages, the
terminal to computer dialogue, {character sets}, sequencing of
messages etc.
Many protocols are defined by {RFCs} or by {OS}.
(1995-01-12)
A flow of all public posts made by accounts on a local Instance or Host.
A Message Feed that holds content that is not `flagged`_ Private.
Only the messages actually published by @handle on @node.domain.
see: Timeline
Noun and Verb
A protocol for subscribing to a Hubzilla account ?
Also Known As: WebSub
This is used to send messages to followers
that have sent a "follow activity".
-- [lain@pleroma.soykaf.com_Oct-2018]
A content publishing model that starts with
posting content on your own domain first,
then syndicating out copies to 3rd party services
with permashortlinks back to the original on your site.
This method helps ensure you retain clear verifiable
ownership of your content while also enabling
simple point of origin reference URL's.
There is more at:
-- [IndieWeb-POSSE_Nov-2018] https://indieweb.org/POSSE
see: URL , RSS , Authenticate
services
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
<networking, programming> Work performed (or offered) by a
{server}. This may mean simply serving simple requests for
data to be sent or stored (as with {file servers}, {gopher} or
{http} servers, {e-mail} servers, {finger} servers, {SQL}
servers, etc.); or it may be more complex work, such as that
of {irc} servers, print servers, {X Windows} servers, or
process servers.
(1997-09-11)
Simplified Example
An http server:
Delivers access to web pages.
i.e. It serves up web pages.
Those pages are constructed using an agreed set of standardised
instructions (HTML / XML) delivered over the Internet
using HTTP or HTTPS (Secured) protocols and standards.
a. Apache and Nginx are two programmable httpd Servers.
They provide the http web-service.
b. Firefox and Chromium are two software http Clients.
They process instructions received from a web server.
see: Platform List
Noun
A communications connection between at least two agents.
None of them have to be human.
- When you log into the Fediverse you are :
Starting a client to server(s) session with the Networking Software.
Operating a 'session' exchanging information with other Users , or even Bots.
Verb
To ** session ** ; is to communicate.
" I will session with you on Socialhome tomorrow night. "
( Probably implying that: I will login and engage 'intently' with you. )
-- aside : Context. Its a slippery thing.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
session
<networking> 1. A lasting connection between a user (or user
agent) and a {peer}, typically a {server}, usually involving
the exchange of many packets between the user's computer and
the server. A session is typically implemented as a layer in
a network {protocol} (e.g. {telnet}, {FTP}).
In the case of protocols where there is no concept of a
session layer (e.g. {UDP}) or where sessions at the {session
layer} are generally very short-lived (e.g. {HTTP}), {virtual}
sessions are implemented by having each exchange between the
user and the remote host include some form of {cookie} which
stores state (e.g. a unique session ID, information about the
user's preferences or authorisation level, etc.).
See also {login}.
2. A lasting connection using the {session layer} of a
networking protocol.
(1997-08-03)
see: Platform List
Informally :
A grouping of or from a list
also: sideeffect
noun
1: a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or
therapy; "severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug"
2: any adverse and unwanted secondary effect; "a strategy to
contain the fallout from the accounting scandal" [syn: {side effect}, {fallout}]
-- From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006
see: Jargon
also: Sign-In
Sign-In is often seen in the context of OAuth and IndieAuth.
It is diffentiated from Login by being undertaken by an agent for you.
A proxy of some sort, acting for you.
this is often indictated by phrases like:
Sign In with "Some Place Else" .
e.g.
Github etc etc.
There is no reason _you_ , or a group of _you_ (we),
cant do this your (our) self.
see: Indieweb IndieAuth OAuth note Lockin
Platform List
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Signal Sig"nal, n. [F., fr. LL. signale, fr. L. signum. See
{Sign}, n.]
A sign made for the purpose of giving notice to a person
of some occurrence, command, or danger; also, a sign,
event, or watchword, which has been agreed upon as the
occasion of concerted action.
[1913 Webster]
...
Hence: (Electronics) A measurable electrical quantity,
such as voltage or current, that conveys information by
varying in magnitude over time; as, the signals from the
strongest commercial radio stations can be received over
hundreds of miles.
[PJC] Signal to noise ratio
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
signal
<operating system> A predefined message sent between two
{Unix} {processes} or from the {kernel} to a process. Signals
communicate the occurrence of unexpected external events such
as the forced termination of a process by the user. Each
signal has a unique number associated with it and each process
has a signal handler set for each signal. Signals can be sent
using the {kill} {system call}.
(1996-12-10)
also silo
Synonyms: "Corporate Web"
Mitigating Influences: IndieWeb , Federation . Fediverse
For the sake of clarity "Stovepipes" "Echo Chambers" and "think space Silos" are not dealt with in this entry.
Originally :
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Silo Si"lo, n. [F.]
A pit or vat for packing away green fodder for winter use so
as to exclude air and outside moisture. See {Ensilage}.
-- [1913 Webster]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
silo
1: a cylindrical tower used for storing silage
2: military installation consisting of an underground structure
where ballistic missiles can be stored and fired
Characteristics Of A Silo
Edited from: https://indieweb.org/silo
A silo, or web content hosting silo, in the context of the IndieWeb,
and this glossary is a centralized web site that:
Silos Often have many or all of the following characteristics:
Silos:
Require you to create an account specific to that site.
Allow you to post content.
Only allow interaction with others on that site.
restrict your ownership via:
an access wall that prevents obfuscates or impedes indexing of content or metadata.
a restrictive terms of service (TOS)
claim some ownership or license to any Content
you create or share within the silo.
Impose Constraints on your ability to import/export your own content,
Or metadata about that content.
-- [IndieWeb-Silo_Nov-2018] https://indieweb.org/silo
see: FSF LockIn
compare: Commons , Indieweb , Fediverse
also: SocialHome , Social Home
Short form posts (tweet or toot like) are fully supported.
Long form, illustrated messages are encouraged.
SocialHome Streams
Content in #Socialhome is collected in Streams.
In the future users will be able to build their own Streams
based on rules and filters.
Currently:
Followed - Content from followed users.
Public - Content with visibility public
from local and remote users.
Tag - Visible content containing a particular hashtag.
Local - Content created by users on the same server.
Limited - Non-public content visible to the user
from local and remote users.
User pinned - Content the user has pinned to their profile.
User all - All content the local or remote user has.
"The Web as I envisaged it, we have not seen it yet.
The future is still so much bigger than the past."
-- Tim Berners-Lee
[solid-Oct-2018]
Solid
Empowers users and organizations to separate their data
from the applications that use it.
It allows people to look at the same data with different software at the same time.
It opens brand new avenues for creativity, problem-solving, and commerce.
You Own Your Data, and choose Apps to Manage it.
You decide where you store your data.
You are free to move your data at any time, without interruption of service.
You give people and your apps permission to read or write.
Things saved through one app are available in another:
* you never have to sync,
* because your data stays with you.
-- [solid-Oct-2018]
The mission is to reshape the contemporary web as we know it.
In many ways this is a set of tools to re-democratise and decentralise (de Silo)
the Internet and allow anybody to take back control of their data.
It is still early days but the software is useful and ready for some wide testing.
visit: Solid at https://solid.inrupt.com/
Referenced: [Tim Berners-Lee-Oct-16-2018]
Open Letter: https://www.inrupt.com/blog/one-small-step-for-the-web
Solid Features
PODs are like secure USB sticks for the Web,
that you can access from anywhere.
Its your Solid POD so You decide where you store your data.
You're free to move your POD at any time
You give people and your apps permission to read or write
to parts of your Solid POD.
( photos sounds video text )
You never have to sync, because your data stays with you.
In order to prove ownership of your data,
you need a way to identify yourself.
Rather than relying on a third party,
you can use your Solid POD to say who you are.
-- [Solid-how_Nov-2018]
See also: Zot , IndieAuth , OAuth , Hubzilla
. Noun
Unsolicited messages (much more here)
. verb
To propagate the same, generally widely.
noun
A collection of software applications designed to work together.
An office suite
provides many tools related to reporting and planning
in commercial (or other) settings.
Many Social networking platforms may be considered suites
as they provide more than one communications interface.
Using more than one inter-platform protocol.
see: Platform List
A Global Feed
Often an Interface Feed choice.
The Whole Known Network is a stream of Local posts
combined chronologically with feeds from other Hosts
that reach your home Host.
i.e.
The Feed contains Public Posts from all of
the remote Accounts Followed by all of
the Users on your local Host.
synonym: Global
Nothing (overtly) to do with CPU threads.
also: 3LA . YABA
Noun
- Three Letter Acronym
-
- TLA
/T?L?A/, n.
[Three-Letter Acronym]
1. Self-describing abbreviation for a species with which computing
terminology is infested.
2. Any confusing acronym. Examples include MCA, FTP, SNA, CPU, MMU, SCCS,
DMU, FPU, NNTP, TLA. People who like this looser usage argue that not all
TLAs have three letters, just as not all four-letter words have four
letters. One also hears of ?ETLA? (Extended Three-Letter Acronym,
pronounced /ee tee el ay/) being used to describe four-letter acronyms; the
terms ?SFLA? (Stupid Four-Letter Acronym), ?LFLA? (Longer Four Letter
Acronym), and VLFLA (Very Long Five Letter Acronym) have also been
reported. See also {YABA}.
Notes TLA
YABA YAFA may be used interchangeably in most use cases.
Not to be confused with Three Letter Agency
((which is a collection of administrative agencies) on a good day)
see: Jargon , Acronym , Cultural Virus
compare: Anagram
A readily understood set of conditions.
That simply, swiftly and clearly
define the restrictions imposed on you
for use and access to a service or product.
While simultaneously absolving the provider
with any responsibility to act with good craft faith or honour at all.
Many Denizens of Commonwealth Nations know,
quite precisely,
how to extend and pronounce this acronym.
see: YMMV , LOL , Jargon , Silos , LockIn , StovePipe
Noun
A Mastodon Post
Verb
To post on Mastodon
also : Trolling
A huge waste of time and O2 mostly
see: jargon
also: TL:DR TL/DR
acronym
Too Long Didn't Read
see: acronym
noun
Generic term for the Internet.
Originally and identifier for the "World Wide Web"
The Internet as seen via a web browser and the http(s) standards.
Networking using TCP/IP under http with DNS as the addressing glue. ( :) )
synonyms:
online, the internet , the webs , the webiverse
noun Protocol
simple discovery for the web
One agreed method of asking about an identity on someone elses computer.
Used to discover users on distributed nodes and pods.
Webfinger uses JSON Resource Descriptor ( a standard pattern )
to ask for data such as:
Webfinger uses the HTTPS protocol to secure the requests
for example:
A webfinger request might be made, asking where to find an Avatar
and Profile Summary for a particular account.
WebFinger Notes
WebFinger is used by the federated social networks
notably GNU social StatusNet and Diaspora.
-- [wpwf]
The protocol is used to inquire of information about an entity.
The entity is identified by a URI that may look like @handle@node.domain.
The client can, optionally, specify (ask for) one or more link relation types
for which it would like to receive information.
A Webfinger Request discovers:
A WebFinger Resource :
Returns a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) object
describing the entity (thing) that is queried.
That JSON object is called a JSON Resource Descriptor (JRD).
It may include extra link relation information:
For a human entity, the type of information includes:
Other entities might return JRDs (Resource Descriptors)
containing links that enable a client to discover,
that a printer can print in color on A4 paper,
the physical location of a server,
or other static information.
WebFinger is specified as the discovery protocol for "OpenID Connect",
which is a protocol that allows one to more easily
log into various sites on the Internet. -- [wpwf]
see also: Finger , Pinky , Hcard , JSON , Zot
referenced:
[WikiPedia-WebFinger_Nov-2018] [wpwf] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebFinger
[WebFinger-IETF-rfc7033_Nov2018] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7033
[WebFinger-Net_Nov2018] https://webfinger.net
[Diaspora_WebFinger-Nov-2018] https://diaspora.github.io/diaspora_federation/discovery/webfinger.html
Webmention is a simple way to notify another URL
when you mention it on your site.
A Webmention is a notification that one URL links to another.
For example,
Sending a Webmention is not limited to blog posts,
and can be used for additional kinds of content and responses as well.
a response can be an RSVP to an event,
an indication that someone "likes" another post,
a "bookmark" of another post, and many others.
Webmention enables these interactions
to happen across different websites,
enabling a distributed social web.
Webmention is a W3C Recommendation that supersedes Pingback,
using only HTTP and x-www-form-urlencoded content rather than
XML-RPC. It has additional functionality and greater security & robustness
from years of experience with prior iterations.
"A web standard for mentions and conversations across the web,
a powerful building block that is used for
a growing federated network of comments, likes, reposts,
and other rich interactions across the decentralized social web."
"# an @ mention that works across websites;
so that you don't feel immovable from Twitter or Fb."
-- Rony Ngala
"When you link to a website, you can send it a Webmention to notify it.
If it supports Webmentions, then that website may display your post
as a comment, like, or other response,
and presto, you're having a conversation from one site to another!"
The above is a mashup from the following sites:
-- [WebMention-Intro_Nov-2018] https://indieweb.org/Webmention
-- [WebMention-Dev_Nov-2018] https://indieweb.org/Webmention-developer
-- [webmention-W3C_Nov-2018] https://www.w3.org/TR/webmention/
-- [WebMention-W3C-REC_Nov-2018] https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/REC-webmention-20170112/
see: micropub microformats indieweb indieauth Platform List
Noun
An User Interface designed to allow simpler, reliable, configuration
of client software to a service or other utility.
The intention is to ease the operators effort while also
presenting the underlying software with configuration values
that are consistent and (hopefully) within design limits.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (18 March 2015) [foldoc]:
wizard
1. A person who knows how a complex piece of software or
hardware works (that is, who {groks} it); especially someone
who can find and fix bugs quickly in an emergency. Someone is
a {hacker} if he or she has general hacking ability, but is a
wizard with respect to something only if he or she has
specific detailed knowledge of that thing. A good hacker
could become a wizard for something given the time to study
it.
2. A person who is permitted to do things forbidden to
ordinary people; one who has {wheel} privileges on a system.
3. A Unix expert, especially a Unix systems programmer. This
usage is well enough established that "Unix Wizard" is a
recognised job title at some corporations and to most
headhunters.
[ snips ]
4. An interactive help utility that guides the user through a
potentially complex task, such as configuring a {PPP} driver
to work with a new {modem}. Wizards are often implemented as
a sequence of {dialog boxes} which the user can move forward
and backward through, filling in the details required. The
implication is that the expertise of a human wizard in one of
the above senses is encapsulated in the software wizard,
allowing the average user to perform expertly.
—[{Jargon File}] (1998-09-07)
Wordpress has a huge user base and a vast number of developers
who have become proficient in theming and extending the platform.
see: Blog Platform List
From github site:
WriteFreely is a beautifully pared-down blogging platform
that's simple on the surface, yet powerful underneath.
It's designed to be flexible and share your writing widely,
so it's built around plain text and can
publish to the fediverse via ActivityPub.
—[writefreely-GitHub_Nov-2018]
WriteAs
Officially launching v0.1 of WriteFreely,
our free, self-hosted version of Write.as.
WriteFreely lets you start your own community of writers,
optionally with ActivityPub enabled,
so you can join the larger fediverse and spread your writing
on the decentralized social web.
You'll be able to set up a space for your small gathering of writers,
who can all create multiple blogs under one account,
save drafts, and even customise their blogs with CSS.
You can also use WriteFreely to host your own minimalist blog
with the same distraction-free writing experience you love on Write.as.
-- [writefreely-HelloWorld_Nov-2018] https://blog.writefreely.org/hello-world
see: Blog Platform List
Zot6
Independent portable authorisation "system".
GOT ZOT?
Zot is a JSON based web framework for implementing
secure decentralised communications and services.
It differs from many other communication protocols by
building communications on top of a decentralised identity
and authentication framework.
The authentication component is similar to OpenID conceptually
but is insulated from DNS-based identities.
Where possible remote authentication is silent and invisible.
This provides a mechanism for
internet scale distributed access control which is unobtrusive.
—[Hubzill-start_Oct-24-2018] https://project.hubzilla.org/page/hubzilla/hubzilla-project
The primary issues Zot addresses are
completely decentralised communications
independence from DNS-based identity
node mobility
seamless remote authentication
high performance
-- [OsadaZot_Nov-2018] https://osada.app/help/en-gb/developer/zot_protocol#Technical_Introduction
W3C has a Zot Working group active in early 2020.
https://www.w3.org/community/zot/
Zot is a WebMTA which provides a decentralised identity
and communications protocol using HTTPS/JSON.
Earlier revisions of the zot protocol dealt with
the creation of nomadic identities
and cross-domain authentication to enable
a decentralised network with features
rivaling large centralised providers.
Zot/6 builds on those concepts and streamlines many of the interactions,
applying lessons learned over decades of building decentralised systems.
...
Zot is architecturally different from other HTTPS-based
"social communications" protocols such as
OStatus, ActivityPub, and Diaspora.
The primary differences are:
Support for nomadic identity
where an identity is not permanently bound to a DNS server.
MUAs built on top of Zot are able to use and express
detailed cross-domain permissions.
Encryption negotation for additional message protection
in addition to HTTPS
Zot does not define an absolute payload format for content.
Implementations MUST support ActivityStreams.
Additional message types and serialisation formats
MAY provide vendor specific enhancements.
Federation between other WebMTA protocols is not hampered
by unnecessary restrictions on 3rd party communications.
Messages from incompatible systems may be relayed to other sites
which do not support the 3rd party protocol.
Detailed delivery reporting is provided
for auditing and troubleshooting;
which is critical in a distributed communications service.
-- [zotlabs-zot-2020] <https://zotlabs.org/page/zot/specs+zot6+home>
from: https://zotlabs.org/channel/zap?f=&cat=Zap
(February 2020)
The Zotlabs* Trinity short and concise
What's Zotlabs|Hubzilla, Zotlabs|Osada and Zotlabs|Zap all about?
Hubzilla - Osada - Zap are one family.
The brains behind them all is the same
there are other developers involved in all three.
Each has a fairly defined use-case, but
(once the transition to Zot6 in Hubzilla is complete)
- all three will be able to intercommunicate with each other.
Hubzilla is the most established product.
It should be considered more of an "application platform"
or maybe a "publication platform"
(kind of like what WordPress has become since it now has plugins
that allow you to do almost anything
- it's more than a Content Management System).
"Social Media" on Hubzilla was one of the first use-cases
adopted by a large number of people
- and so many think it is primarily a social media platform.
It is not.
It is a privacy and security aware application platform
that can support a huge number of use cases through the
plugin/addon architecture which is lean and efficient.
Osada is more intended for end users interested specifically
in Social Media applications that want to be able to communicate
with ActivityPub but also have
SOME of the privacy and security capabilities offered by Hubzilla.
ActivityPub has a larger user base but is fundamentally incompatible
with certain privacy and security models.
So, anything related to ActivityPub is going to be a compromise.
Osada is a social media platform that brings as
much of the privacy and security features of Hubzilla as is possible
while still providing integration with ActivityPub.
Zap is a social media platform for those who are
privacy and security minded and are not willing to compromise
privacy and security just because "everybody is doing it."
It has the [same] full range of privacy, security, and
censorship resistant features inherent in the Zot protocol
as Hubzilla (without Federation addons).
If you are an "end-user" of social media
and want to be able to seamlessly communicate with ActivityPub,
you want to use Osada.
If privacy, security, and censorship resistance is important to you
and you're willing to give up access to other protocols
in order to maintain those things, you probably want Zap.
If you are primarily interested in providing content and data to others
on an extensible and robust manner with privacy, security,
and with built in ability to provide redundancy in case of failure
or as a censorship resistance feature, you want to consider Hubzilla.
—[Zotlabs_February_2020]
Some layout alterations for clarity and local consistancy.
The Zot Manifesto
You have the right to a permanent internet identity
which is not associated with what server you are currently using
and cannot be taken away from you by anybody, ever.
You have the right to refuse/reject or possibly moderate
comments on your posts by anybody you don't know.
You also have the right to not allow them to comment
on your posts in the first place,
until such time as they have earned your trust.
You have the right to show your photos and videos
to anybody you desire and
also NOT show them to anybody you desire.
If your software does not implement these rights,
you have the right to fix it or replace it.
The earth is your mother.
She gave you life.
Respect her or she will take it away.
Silence is complicity.
Speak.
Those who are leading us to destruction can be stopped.
7.5 billion people cannot be stopped.
see also: Osada Hubzilla Zap
noun
Two Factor Authentication
Essentially a user is asked to further authenticate their Identity
by providing the Host with a least one extra
unique information that only the user knows.
A common example is to SMS (text) message a "text string" to enter.
(as well as Username and Password)
Other methods might involve text via email ,
biometrics (voice and or fingerprint),
hardware (OTP) key generators.
see: MFA
Socialhome
also: SocialHome , Social Home
noun
From the (this) Users point of view Socialhome is a Broadsheet, or even a Glossy Journal.
Short form posts (tweet or toot like) are fully supported. Long form, illustrated messages are encouraged.
SocialHome AMA Notes
from an Ask Me Anything session with :
SocialHomes Primary Developer
@jaywink@jasonrobinson.me
Moderated by:
Edward Morbius: https://plus.google.com/104092656004159577193
A "lay persons" description of the platform :
a social networking server with rich profiles.
a cross between Twitter, Tumblr and Pinterest.
statuses like Twitter,
longer form posts like Tumblr
visual layout more like Pinterest.
Inlined image uploads.
Socialhome streams load fast
users have the choice of 4 visibility levels for content.
Public (federates, indexed by google)
limited (federates, but only to those servers where targeted users are at)
site (does not federate, visible to server users only),
self (visible to self only, good for drafts).
-- [Gplus-AMA-31-October-2018] <https://plus.google.com/communities/112164273001338979772/stream/d925d840-efe8-45f7-b218-1b9cf2a5aa8a>
From The SocialHome Network itself: <https://socialhome.network/>
SocialHome Streams
Content in #Socialhome is collected in Streams. In the future users will be able to build their own Streams based on rules and filters.
Currently:
Social Homes Federation
see: Platform List